Paula's Choice

Renude

ageing_pores

comedonal_acne

congested_pores

dehydration

dullness

elasticity

fine_lines

inflammatory_acne

mild_impaired_barrier

photoageing

roughness

sebaceous_filaments

uneven_tone

wrinkles

I have chosen this lightweight serum to minimise the appearance of pores and scarring on the skin.

Adenosine is a well-researched anti-ageing and soothing ingredient. It is produced naturally in the body, but can also be derived from yeast. It works by stimulating the skin's own collagen production process, to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It also has anti-inflammatory and barrier repair benefits, so is a fantastic multi-functional skincare ingredient.

adenosine

Beta Glucans are polysaccharides found naturally in oats, fungi, seaweed and yeast. They are best known for its skin-soothing properties, showing excellent effects at reducing redness and other symptoms of sensitive skin. They do this via barrier-supporting properties, as they form a film on the skin’s surface to offer protection against daily environmental stressors, which can aggravate sensitive skin. They also stimulate macrophage function in the body (immune cells which fight invading bacteria), so offer added benefit to those with already compromised skin barriers more susceptible to bacterial infection, for example ezcema-prone or or drier skin types. Their polysaccharide nature makes them an effective humectant, meaning they can draw water molecules towards them to plump and hydrate the area.

beta glucan

Bisabolol is a naturally-occurring active found in the chamomile plant, although this can also be created synthetically. It’s key properties are as an anti-inflammatory and soothing agent, with some studies also showing it to have a brightening effect on the skin. Bisabolol is also a rich source of Panthenol (Vitamin B5), which acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water molecules towards it to plump and hydrate the area. Studies have also shown that bisabolol can enhance the penetration of other actives into the skin, so is great when used in combination with other actives designed to work at the basal layer of the epidermis, or in fact the dermis.

bisabolol

Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a catechin found naturally in abundance within green tea. It has a number of skin benefits, firstly as a powerful antioxidant, meaning it can neutralise free radicals before they can cause damage to skin cells. Studies have also shown it to encourage the production of the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF), in turn increasing the skin’s ability to retain moisture, which results in more hydrated, plump, smoother skin. There is some research to show that EGCG can also reduce visible hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin.

epigallocatechin gallate

Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body. Hyaluronic acid works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

hyaluronic acid

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3 and Nicotinamide, has many skincare benefits. Firstly, it regulates sebum production in the skin, which in turn reduces blemishes and visible pore size. It also reduces facial redness by improving microcirculation, which means moving the blood inside the capillaries away from the face to reduce visible redness. It also has the ability to strengthen the natural lipid barrier of the skin by encouraging ceramide production (the building blocks which seal our skin cells together), which in turn increases the hydration within the epidermis. Lastly, niacinamide works to help reduce hyperpigmentation by blocking melanin from being deposited on the skin cells.

niacinamide

The name for a group of lipids comprising of a fatty acid, glycerol & phosphate. Lecithin in an example of a phospholipid.

phospholipids

Our outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, has a multilamellar structure (essentially a fine membrane), made up of lipids (fats), to form a non-permeable barrier. This keeps water inside the skin, and acts as the first defense against external aggressors. The lipids which make up the majority of this are known as ceramides, which are produced naturally in the body from a range of other naturally-occurring lipids, which we class here as essential lipids (not the same as essential fatty acids, which are deemed ‘essential’ as the body cannot produce these naturally.) Using these lipids in skincare helps to support the natural skin barrier, preventing water-loss to keep skin hydrated and balanced.

Phytic acid is technically an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), although it’s exfoliating effects are very mild compared to other acids in the AHA family. It does work to remove dead skin cell build up from the pores, and in turn reducing occurrences of breakouts, but this is not it’s main skin benefit. It is predominantly used for its high antioxidant potential, meaning it can neutralise damaging free radicals before they can cause any damage to the skin.

phytic acid

Quercitin is a naturally occurring bioflavonoid found in fruits and vegetables such as kale, onion, tomatoes and berries. It is used in skincare for its antioxidant abilities, meaning it can neutralise free radicals before they cause any damage to the skin. Studies also show Quercetin to have anti-inflammatory effects, and an ability to protect the skin against aggressors such as UV, histamine and toxic chemicals. It is also believed to support the skin barrier functioning, reducing water-loss via the skin to improve hydration levels in the epidermis.

quercetin

Resveratrol in a polyphenol most famously found in the skin of red grapes, but also occurs naturally in peanuts and certain fruits such as blueberries and cranberries. It is included in skincare for its powerful antioxidant abilities - with research showing it can protect against free radicals, as well as oxidative damage caused by UV. 

resveratrol

tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Vitamin C has many skin benefits, including its action as an antioxidant, to neutralise free radicals (reactive molecules with an unpaired electron), preventing them from causing damage to cells within the body. Vitamin C is also involved in the collagen-production process, so provides anti-wrinkle activity through this mechanism. Lastly, Vitamin C inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin-synthesis, and can therefore visibly reduce areas of hyperpigmentation in the skin.

Tocopherol, aka Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopherol

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

Ubiquinone, also known as CoEnzyme Q10, is a fat-soluble substance produced naturally in the body. It provides antioxidant protection against free radicals, to support the skin’s own anti-ageing defenses. With age, the body’s production of this vitamin-like substance decreases, so it can be applied topically to provide extra antioxidant activity. It has also been shown to support the synthesis of collagen and elastin, proteins which give skin structure & bounce, which also naturally decrease with age, so the inclusion of Ubiquinone in your routine can help to support youthful-looking skin.

ubiquinone

RESIST Ultra-Light Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum has a water-light texture that delivers potent powerhouse antioxidants and skin-restoring ingredients to resist the signs of aging, visibly firm the appearance of skin, and substantially increase skin-rejuvenating hydration. It goes to work immediately to provide weightless hydration and an exclusive mix of antioxidants and grape-derived resveratrol. Together with skin-restoring and nourishing ingredients—hyaluronic acid and pore-improving niacinamide—this serum provides visible results, yet is so light, you won’t even know it’s there!

I have chosen this high strength azelaic acid treatment to target blemishes and redness in the skin. It's a great option for congested skin, as it also includes salicylic acid to unblock pores, as well as soothing ingredients to calm inflammation in the skin.

Allantoin occurs naturally in the body, but can also be derived from the root of the Comfrey plant or Chamomile, or produced synthetically. It is used in skincare for its ability to promote wound healing and healthy tissue growth, by stimulating the fibroblasts in the dermis to produce collagen and elastin fibres, essential tissues for skin regeneration and healing. Allantoin has also been shown to have soothing and anti-irritant properties, which is thought to be down to its ability to form complexes with irritating agents, thus preventing them from activating inflammatory mechanisms within the skin.

allantoin

Azelaic acid is found naturally in grains such as barley, wheat and rye, but can also be produced commercially in the lab. It has several benefits in skincare including as an anti-inflammatory, with evidence showing great results in treating rosacea symptoms (swelling & redness) via this mechanism.

Azelaic also has an anti-blemish activity - firstly, it is an antibacterial which works to kill acne-causing bacteria, P.Acnes. Secondly, it prevents pores becoming blocked by the skin’s natural shedding process, which makes it harder for this bacteria to populate inside the pore to cause a blemish (it needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive).

Studies have also shown azelaic acid to inhibit melanogenesis (production of melanin), so also has benefits in treating hyperpigmentation and post-inflammatory acne scarring. It has good skin tolerability, so can be used to treat more sensitive skin types in concentrations of around 10%.

azelaic acid

Glycerin is a humectant present in all natural lipids. It works to attract water molecules towards it, plumping & hydrating the applied area, resulting in smooth, soft, hydrated skin. It is one of the most widely used humectants in skincare, due to it’s high performance and broad availability (making it very cost-effective). Recent research has shown that it’s ability to penetrate the layers of the skin is superior to that of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid, making it a brilliant choice for overall skin hydration, and suitable for all skin types.

glycerin

glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract

Liquorice is a legume which grows in the Mediterranean, the Middle East & Russia. It contains the active constituent glabridin, which has been shown to prevent and reverse UV-induced skin damage, to provide visible skin-lightening properties to the skin.

Its second active component, Glycyrrhetinic acid is used in skincare for its anti-inflammatory benefits. It works by inhibiting the production of inflammatory substances, such as cortisone, within the body, with some research showing results to be comparable to prescription hydrocortisone cream.

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA), which occurs naturally in willow bark. Salicylic acid works as an exfoliating acid to dissolve the keratin that binds the outermost layers of the skin, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin.

Due to its oil-soluble form, salicylic acid can penetrate inside the pore, to clear out dead skin cell build up and prevent comedones (blocked pores) from occurring, or acne-causing bacteria to overpopulate within the pore. This P.Acnes bacteria is anaerobic so needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive, and thus require a pore to be blocked.

salicylic acid

The Azelaic Acid Booster is a real multi-tasker. The powerful combination of azelaic acid, salicylic acid and plant extracts has multiple benefits for skin. This booster visibly fades brown spots caused by sun damage, works to reduce breakouts and diminish red marks from past blemishes. Plant derived brightening and soothing ingredients reveal a more radiant, even complexion. A perfect alternative for those sensitive to benzoyl peroxide.

These formulas contain a high concentration of azelaic acid, which has proven effectiveness in treating redness, blemishes and hyperpigmentation.

Azelaic acid treatment picks

This 10% Azelaic acid booster is combined with salicylic acid to support breakout prone skin. The formula is a creamy texture, which absorbs instantly without dry out the skin.

This milky serum contains15% azelaic acid, in combination with salicylic acid, zinc and niacinamide. These ingredients work in combination to reduce inflammation, regulate oil production and provide antibacterial action to redness blemishes and post-inflammatory marks.

This lightweight moisturising gel contains azelaic acid, alongside tranexamic acid to target hyperpigmentation, niacinamide to regulate sebum and support the natural skin barrier, and vitamins b5 and e to provide antioxidant protection to the skin.

This water-based serum uses 12% of a derivative of azelaic acid known as Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate rather than the active itself (as it's notoriously difficult to formulate with and get a killer texture). This derivative delivers all the amazing benefits of azelaic acid as well as hydrating the skin, so this is a fantastic product for the price.

This creamy serum formula contains azelaic acid which acts as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory to calm breakouts. Zinc PCA helps to regulate oil production while natural plant extracts provide antioxidant protection.

dryness

impaired_barrier

I have chosen this high strength booster serum to target blemishes and enlarged pores, whilst supporting the skin barrier and improving visible scarring and pigmentation.

Acetyl Glucosamine is an amino acid sugar

acetyl glucosamine

Amino acids are the small building blocks that make up peptides, and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique structure, and as such plays a specific role within the body. There are around 20 different types considered to be most important for human health. In the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, they are present in the ‘natural moisturising factors’, our skin’s own moisturising mechanism, and they help to support water transport between skin cells to keep our surface smooth and hydrated.

Ascorbyl Glucoside is a water-soluble derivative of Vitamin C. This derivative was created to provide improved stability and skin penetration vs. ascorbic acid alone. It is still unclear how well ascorbyl glucoside is converted into ascorbic acid (the active form of Vitamin C) within the body, but some of it will be lost during this conversion, making this less potent, and therefore requiring higher levels in the formulation in order to achieve great results.

ascorbyl glucoside

Boerhavia diffusa root extract is used in skincare for its soothing and antioxidant properties.

boerhavia diffusa root extract

Extracted from liquorice, dipotassium glycyrrhizate is the primary active component within the root. It has multiple benefits within skincare, primarily being used for its soothing and anti-pigment properties.

dipotassium glycyrrhizate

glycyrrhiza glabra root extract

Panthenol is a form of Vitamin B5, which is converted into Pantothenic acid within the epidermis when applied topically. Its main benefit in cosmetics is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to.

Panthenol also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

panthenol

Vitamin B5 is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to. It also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body), created to improve the ingredient stability. It works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

sodium hyaluronate

This concentrated 10% niacinamide (B3) booster visibly minimises pore size, reduces post breakout marks, fight multiple signs of ageing and improve skin’s texture. This multi-tasking, light-weight formula also contains calming and hydrating ingredients to replenish skin and restore radiance.

I have chosen this high strength retinol night treatment to smooth skin, tackle congestion and reduce the visible signs of ageing you mention as concerns.

avena sativa (oat) kernel extract

Oat extract is known to have soothing, anti-inflammatory effects in the skin, and is a popular active for treating symptoms of dry skin. It also has antioxidant properties so is able to protect the skin against free radicals caused by pollution and UV.

ceramide np

Ceramides are long chains of lipids, which occur naturally within the epidermis. Their function is to hold the skin cells together by creating a barrier against water-loss from the inside-out, and external aggressors from the outside-in. They make up almost 50% of our skins composition, but they can be depleted by UV, free radicals & pollution, and their production also naturally slows with age. This leads to an impaired skin barrier, which results in dry, rough skin with more visible wrinkling and redness. Applying ceramides topically can increase the levels of ceramides in the epidermis, and therefore supports the natural healthy functioning of the skin.

palmitoyl tripeptide

Many peptides function as anti-ageing ingredients in skincare, due to their ability to fit specific receptors in the body to trigger anti-ageing responses. This includes mechanisms like collagen production, cell regeneration or even blocking muscle contractions to smooth expression lines. Peptides are made up of amino acids, and are unique in shape, with a huge variety available to target specific responses in the body.

Vitamin A, aka Retinol, is one of the most well-researched actives used in skincare today. Retinol and all of its derivatives are broken down within the skin first into retinaldehyde, then into retinoic acid, the active form recognised by the body to trigger it’s skin benefits.

Retinoic acid (aka tretinoin) is the gold standard of anti-ageing and works in a number of ways. Firstly, it blocks the production of collagen-degrading enzymes, meaning collagen does not get broken down as quickly in the skin. After prolonged use (6M+), it has also been shown to stimulate the production of type I and type III collagen, reducing wrinkles and improving skin firmness. It has been shown to protect against UV-induced damage, as well as reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation in the skin. Skin treated with retinoids is smoother, more even-toned, firmer and younger looking.

retinol

Salix Alba (white willow) bark extract, is a plant extract containing naturally-occurring salicylic acid as it’s active constituent.

Salicylic acid works as an exfoliating acid to dissolve the keratin that binds the outermost layers of the skin, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin. Due to its oil-soluble form, salicylic acid can penetrate inside the pore, to clear out dead skin cell build up and prevent comedones (blocked pores) from occurring, or acne-causing bacteria to overpopulate within the pore. This P.Acnes bacteria is anaerobic so needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive, and thus require a pore to be blocked.

salix alba (willow) bark extract

Willow bark contains naturally-occurring salicylic acid. Salicylic acid works as an exfoliating acid to dissolve the keratin that binds the outermost layers of the skin, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin. Due to its oil-soluble form, salicylic acid can penetrate inside the pore, to clear out dead skin cell build up and prevent comedones (blocked pores) from occurring, or acne-causing bacteria to overpopulate within the pore. This P.Acnes bacteria is anaerobic so needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive, and thus require a pore to be blocked.

This concentrated 1% Retinol Booster works to effectively improve the appearance of wrinkles, reduce pore size and improve skin tone. The light-weight, fluid booster combines retinol with antioxidants and peptides for a clearer, more radiant and younger-looking complexion.

redness

I have chosen this cult exfoliating toner for your regime, to tackle blemishes, blackheads, enlarged pores and redness.

green tea extract

Green Tea is a natural plant extract, rich in polyphenols, also known as catechins. Green Tea is particularly high in the catechin Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a powerful antioxidant, meaning it can neutralise free radicals to prevent them causing damage within the skin. It is one of the most well researched natural plant extracts used in skincare, with studies also showing it to have an anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effect.

This light yet powerful leave-on exfoliant is formulated with 2% BHA (salicylic acid) to clear breakouts, blackheads and mild to moderate acne. Quickly absorbed, the non-irritating formula gently exfoliates the skin’s surface and inside the pores for clearer, brighter skin. Fights breakouts and blackheads. Calms red skin. Unclogs and visibly refines pores.

These high strength salicylic acid treatments work to decongest pores, reducing breakouts and blackheads, as well as refining overall skin texture.

Salicylic acid exfoliators for acne-prone skin

This exfoliating toner contains 2% salicylic acid to decongest pores, while tranexamic acid works to fade post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Alongside this, aloe vera soothes and sake extract hydrates and supports the natural skin barrier.

A great option if you are experiencing redness alongside congestion. The formula contains 2% salicylic acid to clear out pores, alongside panthenol to soothe, and hyaluronic acid to hydrate, minimising any dryness typically associated with the use of BHAs (salicylic acid).

This toner contains a blend of gluconolactone and salicylic acid. This combination has been proven to decongest the pores to reduce breakouts and blackheads, without disrupting the skin's natural barrier.

I have chosen this gentle clarifying cleanser for you to tackle congestion in the skin. It contains soothing Panthenol to hydrate and calm inflammation, alongside salicylic acid to unblock pores, reducing instances of blemishes and blackheads.

CLEAR Pore Normalizing Cleanser isn’t like other acne cleansers; it is completely non-irritating and won’t cause dryness or flaking. This cleansing gel actually has a silky feel that works quickly to remove excess oil and debris that can clog pores and lead to breakouts. Gently and quickly removes excess oil and surface debris that contribute to acne.

I have chosen this oil-free moisturiser for you to support your skin's natural barrier, without adding any occlusive ingredients which could make congestion in the skin worse.

Arginine is an amino acid which occurs naturally within the human body. It is a popular ingredient in skincare for a number of reasons; it offers antioxidant protection, it hydrates the skin by stimulating the body's own production of humectants like urea and it can also repair visible skin damage.

arginine

ceramide ap

ceramide eop

Cholesterol is a fatty acid which occurs naturally in the skin’s lipid barrier. Applying cholesterol topically supports the skin barrier, reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and maintaining healthy skin functioning. Strengthening this lipid barrier also leads to improved skin hydration, which in turn leads to smoother, plumper, younger-looking skin.

cholesterol

euterpe oleracea (acai) fruit extract

Acai is a small, dark purple berry found in nature. It displays potent antioxidant abilities, meaning it is able to protect skin against free radical damage.

Hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake is a protein derived from pumpkin seeds. It is a very good source of Vitamin E and key fatty acids, which protects the skin from excess water loss, as well as to support healthy skin functioning.

hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake

Lecithin can be classed as a phospholipid, which occurs naturally in eggs, soybean, sunflower oil and corn. It contains a high concentration of fatty acids, which support the skin’s natural barrier by creating a lipid film to prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Lecithin also has lipophilic & hydrophilic properties, meaning it can function as an emulsifier and skin penetration-enhancer, helping to deliver actives deeper into the skin.

lecithin

Phytosphingosine (PS) is a lipid which naturally occurs in the stratum corneum (the top, visible layer of our epidermis). This acts as a precursor for ceramide synthesis, meaning it encourages the skin to produce ceramides naturally.

Studies have also shown PS to offer anti-acne benefits, it is believed by reinforcing the protective barrier, and therefore reducing specific abnormalities in the skin functioning that lead to acne (invading inflammatory bacteria, increased keratinization, increased sebaceous gland activity).

phytosphingosine

Wild cherry is a natural fruit extract, rich in plant antioxidants and vitamin c which help to protect the skin from free radical damage. It may also offer skin calming benefits.

prunus serotina (wild cherry) fruit extract

Sodium PCA is the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), which is found naturally in the body, and in the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF). PCA acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water to it, plumping and hydrating the area. The skin’s NMF ensures adequate hydration of the stratum corneum, which also works to support the overall barrier function of the skin, regulating trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Including Sodium PCA in skincare supports this natural mechanism of the skin.

sodium pca

Natural moisturising factor (NMF) is a substance produced by the body, made up of minerals, lactate, urea, amino acids & humectants, which coats the surface skin cells to keep them moisturised. NMF increases the skin’s ability to retain moisture, which results in more hydrated, plump, smoother skin.

tripeptide

Copper peptide (GHK-Cu) is involved in a number of processes in the body: wound healing, collagen synthesis, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. There is evidence to show that the level of this protein in the blood reduces as we age, so including this in our skincare may help to support the body’s natural anti-ageing processes.

vaccinium angustifolium (blueberry) fruit extract

Blueberry extract is used in skincare for its powerful antioxidant and skin conditioning properties. It is also a rich source of Vitamin C, and studies have shown them to protect against UV damage in the skin on exposure to the sun (alongside a broad spectrum SPF of course).

The frustration of finding the best moisturizer for acne-prone skin is over. This non-greasy moisturizer provides water-light hydration, eliminates dry, flaky patches, and visibly corrects issues unique to acne-prone skin—without adding oil, clogging pores or making breakouts worse. Naturally soothing antioxidants, sourced from pumpkin and blueberry calm redness, while ceramides strengthen skin’s surface. Niacinamide, a pore minimizer, improves tone and eliminates dryness.

I have chosen this anti-ageing treatment for your evening routine, to target wrinkels and pigmentation you mention as concerns.

ceramide ng

palmitoyl hexapeptide

palmitoyl tetrapeptide

Salix Alba (white willow) root extract, is a plant extract containing naturally-occurring salicylic acid as it’s active constituent.

Salicylic acid works as an exfoliating acid to dissolve the keratin that binds the outermost layers of the skin, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin. Due to its oil-soluble form, salicylic acid can penetrate inside the pore, to clear out dead skin cell build up and prevent comedones (blocked pores) from occurring, or acne-causing bacteria to overpopulate within the pore. This P.Acnes bacteria is anaerobic so needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive, and thus require a pore to be blocked.

salix alba (willow) root extract

Tocopheryl acetate is a specific form of the fat-soluble Vitamin E, with improved stability vs. Tocopherol. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopheryl acetate

This lightweight lotion combines pure retinol with potent antioxidants to immediately enhance hydration, diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and promote a more even-toned complexion. Licorice, oat extract and other soothing ingredients to help calm redness. Improves skin tone and texture. Fades brown spots. Softens fine lines and wrinkles.

This serum is a great option for you to add deep hydration into the skin. The star ingredient is Hyaluronic acid, which works to attract water into the skin to plump and hydrate. The formula also contains ceramides and cholesterol to support the natural skin barrier, which in turn helps to retain water in the skin.

ceramide

This hyaluronic acid booster contains a concentrated blend of skin-smoothing hyaluronic acid and restorative ingredients like ceramides to immediately hydrate skin and lock in moisture. From the very first use, the liquid-gel texture leaves skin visibly softer, smoother and younger-looking.

I have chosen this peptide-based serum to target the signs of ageing you mention. Loaded with various anti-ageing peptides, this works to reduce wrinkles, and improve skin firmness and smoothness.

azelaoyl bis-dipeptide

glycoproteins

myristol hexapeptide

myristol pentapeptide

Unlock firmer-looking skin with eight powerful peptides that make skin more resilient and reduce the appearance of lines. Peptide Booster is the only peptide-enriched serum that delivers a concentrated dose of eight highly-targeted peptides, hydrating amino acids, and repairing ingredients. Together, they quickly help skin feel firmer and more resilient, and reduce the appearance of lines. Helps skin to look and act younger by targeting precise areas to address concerns like loss of firmness, dullness, wrinkles and discolorations. A true anti-aging multi-tasker, it accelerates your results when added to any skincare routine.

I have chosen this exfoliating treatment for you to boost your daily skincare routine. Used weekly, this helps to reduce fine lines and wrinkles, even out skin tone and refine overall texture.

aloe barbadensis leaf juice

Aloe vera has been used for millennia as a natural medicine across many regions of the world, with references as early as Cleopatra using it as part of her beauty routine. It contains around 75 active constituents, including Vitamins A,C & E to provide antioxidant protection, 8 enzymes to inhibit inflammatory processes in the body and 9 different minerals to support the body’s natural functioning. It also includes sugars to provide hydrating humectant properties, fatty acids to provide anti-inflammatory & antiseptic properties, and hormones to promote wound healing. 

camellia sinensis (green tea) leaf extract

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), derived from sugar cane. AHAs work by dissolving the keratin binding the outermost layer of skin cells, speeding up the skin’s natural exfoliation process. This leads to smoother, brighter, clearer skin, whilst reducing skin discolouration & fine lines/wrinkles with continued use.

Glycolic acid has the smallest molecular weight of all the AHAs, meaning it can penetrate the skin quickest, producing the fastest results, but also most likely to cause skin sensitivity, so it is best for those with fairly tolerant skin types.

glycolic acid

Salix Nigra (black willow) bark extract, is a plant extract containing naturally-occurring salicylic acid as it’s active constituent.

Salicylic acid works as an exfoliating acid to dissolve the keratin that binds the outermost layers of the skin, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin. Due to its oil-soluble form, salicylic acid can penetrate inside the pore, to clear out dead skin cell build up and prevent comedones (blocked pores) from occurring, or acne-causing bacteria to overpopulate within the pore. This P.Acnes bacteria is anaerobic so needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive, and thus require a pore to be blocked.

salix nigra (willow) bark extract

sodium ascorbyl phosphate

Boost your skincare regime overnight. Add this leave-on exfoliant with 10% glycolic acid (AHA) and powerful antioxidants to your weekly skincare routine to reveal radiant, dramatically younger skin overnight. Experience improved texture, colour and tone with a noticeable reduction in the appearance of wrinkles and sun damage. Restores moisture balance. Reduces signs of ageing. Softens rough skin.

Awarded

I have chosen this retinol night treatment to smooth skin, tackle congestion and reduce the visible signs of ageing you mention as concerns.

avena sativa (oat) kernel oil

laminaria ochroleuca (kelp) extract

Algae is an incredibly interesting natural ingredient source. It is essentially an underwater plant, designed to get its food from sunlight, much like any other plants, although from much more challenging conditions. There are many types of algae (kelp, laminaria, microalgae), but in general in all its forms it acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting from free radical damage, as well as being able to hydrate the skin and deliver naturally-occurring vitamins into the skin.

This extravagantly silky serum blends pure retinol and potent antioxidants to help impart firmer-feeling skin, smooth and soften fine lines and wrinkles, and provide hydration so skin of any age can look radiant and revitalized.
Stabilized retinol improves the appearance of wrinkles
Vitamin C helps brighten and replenish skin
Silky serum leaves skin soft and smooth
Use twice daily after cleansing, toning & exfoliating
RESIST Intensive Wrinkle-Repair Retinol Serum is an exclusive formula that contains a unique blend of highly stabilized retinol, vitamin-derived antioxidants, and soothing anti-aging plant extracts, all in packaging that keeps the retinol and other beneficial ingredients stable and effective.
Delivers pure retinol to skin in a silky-smooth serum fluid infused with potent antioxidants and superior skin-replenishing and -hydrating ingredients. This unique combination addresses the appearance of wrinkles, improves the feel of firmness, uneven skin tone, and red marks, and leaves skin looking perfectly radiant.

I have chosen this day cream for you as an all-rounder to hydrate and brighten the skin, whilst providing daily UV protection. The formula contains shea butter to nourish dry skin, alongside niacinamide and liquorice root to reduce pigmentation and brighten the skin, and allantoin and aloe vera to soothe.

aloe barbadensis leaf extract

butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter

Shea butter is the natural butter of the shea nut, which grows in West Africa. It is high in fatty acids and vitamins, so works to support the natural lipid barrier of the skin, reducing water loss via the epidermis to keep skin soft, smooth and moisturised.

This natural extract, derived from coffee beans, is high in antioxidants so first and foremost, offers protection against free radical damage. Studies have also shown this to have restorative properties, resulting in a healthier, smoother skin feel, as well as potentially improving the skin’s ability to retain moisture.

coffea arabica (coffee) seed extract

Apple extract is used in cosmetics for its antioxidant abilities, as it is very high in polyphenols. This means it is able to help protect the skin from free radical damage, one of the largest external factors which contributes to ageing of the skin (after UV light).

pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract

This multi-tasking moisturiser contains SPF 50 to protect skin from premature signs of ageing and sun damage, while shea butter leaves skin soft and hydrated. The anti-ageing formula contains tone-improving ingredients like niacinamide and liquorice for more even-toned and younger-looking skin.

I have chosen this high-strength brightening serum as part of your morning routine, to target pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles.

L-ascorbic acid is Vitamin C in its purest form, and the active form required by the body to result in the many skin skin benefits of Vitamin C. The issue with L-ascorbic acid is in the delivery, as it is very unstable in water, and needs a pH 4 or below for it to penetrate the skin. That being said, when it can be stabilised in a formula and is able to penetrate the skin, it provides the highest potency of any form of Vitamin C currently available.

ascorbic acid

Ferulic acid is a naturally occurring acid found in plants, such as bran. It’s used in skincare for its antioxidant properties, meaning it can neutralise free radicals before they can cause any cellular damage. It has also been shown to stabilise Vitamins C and E when used in combination, resulting in a boost in their efficacy vs being used without the addition of Ferulic acid.

ferulic acid

This concentrated booster with 15% pure vitamin C dramatically brightens uneven skin while improving the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. C15 Super Booster contains a highly concentrated form of vitamin C and an assortment of skin-stabilizing antioxidants and skin-replenishing ingredients. Combined, they provide exceptional results including improving the appearance of uneven skin tone, brightening a dull complexion, and helping skin ward off the impact of environmental assaults.

I have chosen this cult exfoliating, anti-ageing toner for your regime, to tackle blemishes, blackheads, wrinkles and enlarged pores.

This ultra-light exfoliant improves visible signs of ageing and refines pores for radiant, youthful-looking skin. Formulated with 2% BHA (salicylic acid), this leave-on treat. Removes built-up dead skin cells. Reduces signs of ageing. Suitable for sensitive skin.

Clinically proven

I have chosen this niacinamide-based toner for your daily routine to help reduce blemishes and visibly minimise pores.

Restore the balance of your skin with this lightly hydrating toner.
WHAT DOES IT DO?
Tone down oily skin and minimize pores.
Restore the balance of your skin with this light hydrating toner. Potent antioxidants, soothing plant extracts and niacinamide help to tone down oily skin and refine pores. The lightweight formula provides optimal hydration, for smooth, clearer-looking skin.
KEY FEATURES
Balances skin
Restores moisture balance
Fights breakouts and blackheads

I have chosen this day cream for you to provide your daily sun protection whilst balancing oil production in the skin. It is a great option for oilier skin types that aren't used to layering products, as it provides antioxidants, oil control and UV protection in one lightweight step.

aloe barbadensis (aloe vera) leaf juice

Aloe vera has been used for millennia as a natural medicine across many regions of the world, with references as early as Cleopatra using it as part of her beauty routine. It contains around 75 active constituents, including Vitamins A,C & E to provide antioxidant protection, 8 enzymes to inhibit inflammatory processes in the body and 9 different minerals to support the body’s natural functioning. It also includes sugars to provide hydrating humectant properties, fatty acids to provide anti-inflammatory & antiseptic properties, and hormones to promote wound healing.

Ascorbyl palmitate is an oil-soluble Vitamin C ester, produced by the reaction of ascorbic acid and palmitic acid. This oil-soluble form works to improve stability against oxidation (something L-ascorbic acid is notorious for), as well as improve skin affinity to allow the ingredient to penetrate further.

ascorbyl palmitate

colloidal oatmeal

ginkgo biloba leaf extract

Ginkgo Biloba is a tree native to Asia, one of the oldest plant species on the planet, and rich in flavonoids and terpenoids. These provide powerful antioxidant protection, reducing potential damage caused by reactive free radicals. Studies have also shown Gingko Biloba to provide skin-smoothing and hydrating properties. 

Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme produced naturally in the body, specifically to break down the free radical superoxide (an oxygen with an excess electron and thus a negative charge). It is considered to be the body’s most important antioxidant and works by catalysing the conversion of superoxide, into elemental oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a process known as dismutation. This action is part of the body’s natural anti-ageing mechanism, so including this ingredient in skincare supports this natural protection process.

superoxide dismutase

This lightweight mattifying moisturiser provides weightless hydration and broad-spectrum SPF 30 protection to defend against premature ageing. Loaded with potent antioxidants and skin-restoring ingredients, it minimises oil and soothes dryness for softer, healthier and younger-looking skin.

I have chosen this cult exfoliating toner for your regime, to tackle blemishes, blackheads and enlarged pores.

camellia oleifera (green tea) leaf extract

This gentle, non-abrasive leave-on exfoliant gives great results for combination to oily skin. Quickly absorbed, it removes dead skin cells both on the skin’s surface and inside the pores. BHA (salicylic acid) has anti-inflammatory properties and helps to reduce blackheads, blemishes and redness. Fights breakouts and blackheads. Fast-absorbing liquid formula. Removes built-up dead skin cells.

Paula's Choice Resist Ultra-Light Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum

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Paula's Choice Resist Ultra-Light Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum

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