Part of the Vitamin C family of ingredients, L-ascorbic acid is Vitamin C in its purest form, and the active form required by the body to result in the many skin skin benefits of Vitamin C. The issue with L-ascorbic acid is in the delivery, as it is very unstable in water, and needs a pH 4 or below for it to penetrate the skin. That being said, when it can be stabilised in a formula and is able to penetrate the skin, it provides the highest potency of any form of Vitamin C currently available.

Vitamin C can also be found on ingredients lists as ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbyl palmitate, ethyl ascorbic acid, l-ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate.

Renude

barrier support

dehydrated skin

fine lines

redness

ultra dry skin

I have chosen this barrier-supporting serum to improve skin hydration, reduce redness, and provide daily antioxidant protection to the skin.

Amino acids are the small building blocks that make up peptides, and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique structure, and as such plays a specific role within the body. There are around 20 different types considered to be most important for human health. In the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, they are present in the ‘natural moisturising factors’, our skin’s own moisturising mechanism, and they help to support water transport between skin cells to keep our surface smooth and hydrated.

alanine

L-ascorbic acid is Vitamin C in its purest form, and the active form required by the body to result in the many skin skin benefits of Vitamin C. The issue with L-ascorbic acid is in the delivery, as it is very unstable in water, and needs a pH 4 or below for it to penetrate the skin. That being said, when it can be stabilised in a formula and is able to penetrate the skin, it provides the highest potency of any form of Vitamin C currently available.

ascorbic acid

Vitamin C has many skin benefits, including its action as an antioxidant, to neutralise free radicals (reactive molecules with an unpaired electron), preventing them from causing damage to cells within the body. Vitamin C is also involved in the collagen-production process, so provides anti-wrinkle activity through this mechanism. Lastly, Vitamin C inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin-synthesis, and can therefore visibly reduce areas of hyperpigmentation in the skin.

Many peptides function as anti-ageing ingredients in skincare, due to their ability to fit specific receptors in the body to trigger anti-ageing responses. This includes mechanisms like collagen production, cell regeneration or even blocking muscle contractions to smooth expression lines. Peptides are made up of amino acids, and are unique in shape, with a huge variety available to target specific responses in the body.

copper palmitoyl heptapeptide

Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a catechin found naturally in abundance within green tea. It has a number of skin benefits, firstly as a powerful antioxidant, meaning it can neutralise free radicals before they can cause damage to skin cells. Studies have also shown it to encourage the production of the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF), in turn increasing the skin’s ability to retain moisture, which results in more hydrated, plump, smoother skin. There is some research to show that EGCG can also reduce visible hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin.

epigallocatechin gallate

heptapeptide-15 palmitate

hydrolyzed oat protein

Oat extract is known to have soothing, anti-inflammatory effects in the skin, and is a popular active for treating symptoms of dry skin. It also has antioxidant properties so is able to protect the skin against free radicals caused by pollution and UV.

Acetyl Glucosamine is an amino acid sugar

isoleucine

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3 and Nicotinamide, has many skincare benefits. Firstly, it regulates sebum production in the skin, which in turn reduces blemishes and visible pore size. It also reduces facial redness by improving microcirculation, which means moving the blood inside the capillaries away from the face to reduce visible redness. It also has the ability to strengthen the natural lipid barrier of the skin by encouraging ceramide production (the building blocks which seal our skin cells together), which in turn increases the hydration within the epidermis. Lastly, niacinamide works to help reduce hyperpigmentation by blocking melanin from being deposited on the skin cells.

niacinamide

parachlorella beijerinckii exopolysaccharides

Algae is an incredibly interesting natural ingredient source. It is essentially an underwater plant, designed to get its food from sunlight, much like any other plants, although from much more challenging conditions. There are many types of algae (kelp, laminaria, microalgae), but in general in all its forms it acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting from free radical damage, as well as being able to hydrate the skin and deliver naturally-occurring vitamins into the skin.

proline

Vitamin A derivative. It is broken down in the body to retinol, and then into retinaldehyde, then again into retinoic acid, the active form recognised by the body to trigger it’s skin benefits.

retinyl palmitate

Vitamin A, aka Retinol, is one of the most well-researched actives used in skincare today. Retinol and all of its derivatives are broken down within the skin first into retinaldehyde, then into retinoic acid, the active form recognised by the body to trigger it’s skin benefits.

Retinoic acid (aka tretinoin) is the gold standard of anti-ageing and works in a number of ways. Firstly, it blocks the production of collagen-degrading enzymes, meaning collagen does not get broken down as quickly in the skin. After prolonged use (6M+), it has also been shown to stimulate the production of type I and type III collagen, reducing wrinkles and improving skin firmness. It has been shown to protect against UV-induced damage, as well as reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation in the skin. Skin treated with retinoids is smoother, more even-toned, firmer and younger looking.

serine

Sodium PCA is the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), which is found naturally in the body, and in the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF). PCA acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water to it, plumping and hydrating the area. The skin’s NMF ensures adequate hydration of the stratum corneum, which also works to support the overall barrier function of the skin, regulating trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Including Sodium PCA in skincare supports this natural mechanism of the skin.

sodium pca

Natural moisturising factor (NMF) is a substance produced by the body, made up of minerals, lactate, urea, amino acids & humectants, which coats the surface skin cells to keep them moisturised. NMF increases the skin’s ability to retain moisture, which results in more hydrated, plump, smoother skin.

threonine

valine

An anti-oxidant rich, fortifying serum is formulated to help defend the skin barrier against pollutants and environmental aggressors.

This anti-oxidant rich, fortifying serum is formulated to help defend the skin barrier against pollutants and environmental aggressors. Formulated with the highest concentration of Alguronic Acid from algae, our benefit-boosting ingredient, this fortifying serum combines with nutrient-rich niacinamide (Vitamin B3) and an anti-oxidant power house: Phloretin (from apple wood) and Ergothioneine (from mushroom). Skin barrier is fortified to help improve the appearance of dullness, redness, discoloration, lines, and skin tone.

Demo

lack of radiance

loss of firmness

pigmentation

This treatment targets dullness and uneven skin tone, utilising high-strength Vitamin C to brighten and reduce dark spots. Vitamin E provides antioxidant protection, enhancing skin elasticity and promoting a more radiant complexion.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

vitamin e

No7 Advanced Ingredients Vitamin C & Vitamin E. The power of our antioxidants, at your fingertips. Proven to deliver lifted, more radiant-looking skin. This formula combines two key ingredients: Vitamin E & 20% Vitamin C. These capsules work to deliver scientifically proven results, leaving your facial contour looking lifted and your skin tone looking more even. Encapsulated to deliver a targeted dose of Vitamin E & high-strength Vitamin C. With the power of high-strength Vitamin C, dark spots appear reduced and skin looks more even and brighter. The capsule material is 95% plant-based and airtight to protect these key ingredients from the damaging effects of both light and air and is plastic-free. Key Benefits: Scientifically proven, our Vitamin C and Vitamin E capsules improve skin elasticity after 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the appearance of dark spots was reduced in 100% of women. 97% of women had more radiant-looking skin. Fragrance and preservative free. Volume: 30 x 0.3ml.

Unfragranced

Gluten free

Vegan

Nut free

dull skin

scarring

I have chosen this high strength serum to target pigmentation and fine lines. This combines two of the most well-researched actives for addressing dark spots, at effective concentrations, so you should see a visible difference in skin after 8-12 weeks use.

alpha arbutin

Arbutin can be derived from the bearberry plant, or made synthetically, and is used in skincare to lighten dark spots. It works by breaking down in the body into hydroquinone, which can inhibit tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for producing melanin. It is one of the most well-researched actives for lightening pigmentation, with better skin tolerability vs. prescription hydroquinone.

This formula combines two of the most powerful brightening agents in skincare: pure Vitamin C and Alpha Arbutin, both solubilized in a completely water-free formula for ideal stability. Vitamin C is an effective antioxidant that brightens the skin tone and reduces signs of aging. Alpha Arbutin is a highly-purified biosynthetic active ingredient that reduces the look of dark spots and uneven skin tone.

Counter Culture

rough skin

wrinkles

This serum addresses multiple signs of ageing, including loss of firmness, sagging, fine lines, and deep wrinkles. It contains peptides to smooth fine lines and green tomato extract to improve skin firmness.

Acetylarginyltryptophyl Diphenylglycine is a synthetic tetrapeptide used in skincare for its firming abilities. It works by inhibiting the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (the protein responsible for skin firmness and elasticity). This reduction in elastase allows for higher levels of elastin in the skin, which in turn leads to skin that looks firmer, tighter and restructured.

anti-ageing peptides

beta-carotene

Beta Glucans are polysaccharides found naturally in oats, fungi, seaweed and yeast. They are best known for its skin-soothing properties, showing excellent effects at reducing redness and other symptoms of sensitive skin. They do this via barrier-supporting properties, as they form a film on the skin’s surface to offer protection against daily environmental stressors, which can aggravate sensitive skin. They also stimulate macrophage function in the body (immune cells which fight invading bacteria), so offer added benefit to those with already compromised skin barriers more susceptible to bacterial infection, for example ezcema-prone or or drier skin types. Their polysaccharide nature makes them an effective humectant, meaning they can draw water molecules towards them to plump and hydrate the area.

beta glucan

Brown algae is a nutrient dense underwater plant, rich in vitamins and minerals. It is used in skincare for it's antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to moisturise the skin and potentially offer regenerating effects.  

brown algae

cabbage leaf extract

Cabbage Leaf Extract is a natural extract rich in flavonoids and anthocyans. Flavonoids are plant polyphenols which offer antioxidant protection against reactive free radicals. Anthocyans are substances produced by the plant in nature to protect against environmental stressors: UV radiation, oxidation & temperature. Studies have also shown that Cabbage Leaf extract provides anti-inflammatory benefits when applied topically to the skin. 

3-0-Ethyl ascorbic acid is a modified version of L-ascorbic acid (pure Vitamin C), designed to improve its stability and skin penetration abilities, to achieve optimum skin benefits. Once absorbed into the skin, the ethyl group is removed, and l-ascorbic acid is returned to its active form, where it can best support the skin to achieve visible brightening & anti-ageing results.

ethyl ascorbic acid

Glycerin is a humectant present in all natural lipids. It works to attract water molecules towards it, plumping & hydrating the applied area, resulting in smooth, soft, hydrated skin. It is one of the most widely used humectants in skincare, due to it’s high performance and broad availability (making it very cost-effective). Recent research has shown that it’s ability to penetrate the layers of the skin is superior to that of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid, making it a brilliant choice for overall skin hydration, and suitable for all skin types.

glycerin

Sunflower seed oil is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the sunflower plant. It is rich in omega fatty acids and used in skincare for its emollient and antioxidant properties. 

helianthus annuus seed oil

Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body. Hyaluronic acid works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

hyaluronic acid

Jojoba oil is a natural oil from the jojoba plant. It is structurally similar to our skin's natural sebum (oil), so absorbs very well into the skin and doesn't clog the pores. It is fantastic for nourishing the skin and is naturally high in fatty acids, antioxidants and vitamins to optimise skin barrier health.

jojoba oil

Lecithin can be classed as a phospholipid, which occurs naturally in eggs, soybean, sunflower oil and corn. It contains a high concentration of fatty acids, which support the skin’s natural barrier by creating a lipid film to prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Lecithin also has lipophilic & hydrophilic properties, meaning it can function as an emulsifier and skin penetration-enhancer, helping to deliver actives deeper into the skin.

lecithin

Our outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, has a multilamellar structure (essentially a fine membrane), made up of lipids (fats), to form a non-permeable barrier. This keeps water inside the skin, and acts as the first defense against external aggressors. The lipids which make up the majority of this are known as ceramides, which are produced naturally in the body from a range of other naturally-occurring lipids, which we class here as essential lipids (not the same as essential fatty acids, which are deemed ‘essential’ as the body cannot produce these naturally.) Using these lipids in skincare helps to support the natural skin barrier, preventing water-loss to keep skin hydrated and balanced.

oat extract

prebiotics

Prebiotics in simple terms, can be classed as a food source that encourages the growth of good bacteria on the skin. The microbiome (the ecosystem of bacteria on the skin) is a relatively new discovery and we are learning that this is linked to many different aspects of our health, mood and appearance. A diverse breadth in the strains of bacteria living on the skin results in a healthy microbiome, and some early research has linked certain imbalances in this microbiome to skin conditions such as acne, ezcema and psoriasis.

red algae

Squalane is a natural substance usually derived from olives. It is structurally very similar to our skin’s own sebum, so is a great ingredient to support our own natural skin processes. In drier skin, which is naturally lacking in natural sebum, it helps to support the skin barrier to prevent water loss, which results in more hydrated, smooth and plump skin. Due to its sebum-mimicking structure, it is non-comedogenic, meaning it won’t cause breakouts, so is also suitable for oily and acne-prone skin. It can be a great option to reduce any over-stimulation of the sebaceous glands, which can occur with excess cleansing (and make breakouts worse). It also works to support the skin barrier to combat any drying effects caused by ingredients commonly associated with acne treatment, so is a great ingredient for all skin types.

squalane

Turmeric root has long been used in Eastern medicine for its various benefits, including as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. In skincare, it offers antioxidant protection, and has been shown to calm redness and reduce breakouts.

turmeric root extract

Potent vegan daily treatment for plumper, firmer skin
 
 2023 InStyle Beauty Editors' Pick
 2023 SHEFinds Best New Beauty Award Winner
 
 This multitasking luxury serum uses three different types of upcycled tomatoes‚Äîplus a medley of clean, high-performance actives‚Äîto target multiple signs of aging, including loss of firmness, sagging, fine lines, and deep wrinkles. BYROE‚Äôs clean, green serum also boasts Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, which instantly plumps the look of fine lines, as well as Green Tomato SE and patented Upcycled IBR-TCLC¬Æ, which both improve the appearance of dark spots, deep wrinkles, and slack skin.
 
 
 REAL¬†RESULTS¬†
 
 Clinically proven to:
 Improve skin firmness.
 
 IMMEDIATELY AFTER USE¬†
 98% saw a visible improvement in skin softness
 95% agreed this serum instantly hydrated their skin
 85% agreed this serum immediately¬†improved skin radiance and glow¬†
 
 ONE WEEK
 100% agreed this serum effectively hydrates skin
 97% saw a visible improvement in skin firmness
 87% agreed their skin looked visibly brighter
 
 TWO WEEKS
 100% agreed this serum leaves skin feeling smoother
 90% saw a diminished appearance of fine lines
 90% saw a visible improvement in skin tightness/sagging
 88% saw a diminished appearance¬†of wrinkles
 
 FOUR WEEKS
 100% agreed this serum delivers long-lasting hydration
 100% agreed this serum boosted skin plumpness
 95% saw a visible improvement in skin firmness
 93% agreed they would use this serum in their healthy aging routine
 
 In a clinical study, 20 subjects
 Based on a consumer survey of 40 participants over a 4-week period

daily protection

I have chosen this mineral formula as your daily SPF step, to provide broad-spectrum protection against UV damage.

argania spinosa kernel oil

Argan oil is derived from the nut of the Argan tree which grows in Morocco. It is naturally high in Vitamin E and fatty acids, which work to nourish the skin, protect the natural lipid barrier and provide antioxidant protection against free radicals.

avena sativa (oat) kernel extract

Bisabolol is a naturally-occurring active found in the chamomile plant, although this can also be created synthetically. It’s key properties are as an anti-inflammatory and soothing agent, with some studies also showing it to have a brightening effect on the skin. Bisabolol is also a rich source of Panthenol (Vitamin B5), which acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water molecules towards it to plump and hydrate the area. Studies have also shown that bisabolol can enhance the penetration of other actives into the skin, so is great when used in combination with other actives designed to work at the basal layer of the epidermis, or in fact the dermis.

bisabolol

taurine

Titanium dioxide is a naturally-occurring mineral found in abundance on earth. It is used as a UV filter in sun protection products, as it offers broad spectrum protection against both UVB and UVA wavelengths (although marginally less broad vs. zinc oxide)

It is a white powder, and works on the skin by creating a very fine film on the skin, which due to its colour, is able to reflect a broad spectrum of UV light, preventing it from entering the skin to cause any cell damage. It has great skin compatibility so is suitable for sensitive skin types.

titanium dioxide

Mineral UV filters are naturally-occurring mineral powders, used in sun protection products to deflect UV light. They work by forming a very fine layer over the skin, which is white and therefore able to reflect the full spectrum of UV light, to offer broad-spectrum sun protection. There are currently two mineral UV filters on the market: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

Tocopheryl acetate is a specific form of the fat-soluble Vitamin E, with improved stability vs. Tocopherol. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopheryl acetate

trehalose

Urea is humectant ingredient found in the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF), making up around 7-8% of the total composition. Its humectant properties mean it can bind to water molecules in the atmosphere, drawing them to it, and in turn plumping and hydrating the skin. Research also shows that Urea has a mild exfoliating action on the skin, encouraging the removal of dead cells which results in smoother, healthier, more hydrated skin.

urea

yeast amino acids

zinc oxide

A new level of skin protection. Ultra-light 100% mineral sunscreen with Environmental Protection Technology shields skin from 5 main causes of damage that accelerate signs of aging: UVA, UVB, pollution, blue light from devices, and infrared radiation. A polymer matrix helps inhibit adhesion and penetration of toxins. Color-correcting tint evens tone and boosts radiance.

dark circles

eye bags

undereye wrinkles

I have chosen this active-loaded eye serum as your daily eye product to target all undereye concerns: fine lines, dark circles and eye bags.

acetyl tetrapeptide

Ascorbyl Glucoside is a water-soluble derivative of Vitamin C. This derivative was created to provide improved stability and skin penetration vs. ascorbic acid alone. It is still unclear how well ascorbyl glucoside is converted into ascorbic acid (the active form of Vitamin C) within the body, but some of it will be lost during this conversion, making this less potent, and therefore requiring higher levels in the formulation in order to achieve great results.

ascorbyl glucoside

epigallocatechin gallatyl glucoside

oligopeptide

palmitoyl decapeptide

palmitoyl heptapeptide

palmitoyl hexapeptide

palmitoyl nonapeptide

palmitoyl tetrapeptide

palmitoyl tripeptide

pentapeptide

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body), created to improve the ingredient stability. It works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

sodium hyaluronate

Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme produced naturally in the body, specifically to break down the free radical superoxide (an oxygen with an excess electron and thus a negative charge). It is considered to be the body’s most important antioxidant and works by catalysing the conversion of superoxide, into elemental oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a process known as dismutation. This action is part of the body’s natural anti-ageing mechanism, so including this ingredient in skincare supports this natural protection process.

superoxide dismutase

A hyper-concentrated bio-serum for the eye contour, FECC combines 28 clinical technologies to target many signs of under-eye and above-eye aging in one treatment—borrowing from advanced biotechnology, polyphenol technology, next-generation cyclic peptide technologies, marine science and modern drone delivery mechanics. This single treatment is able to target visible aging (both upper eyelids and lower eyelids) including the looks of dynamic lines, static lines, fine superficial under-eye lines (those not targeted by SNARE-target injections), loss of elasticity (especially upper-eyelids), dark circles, eye bags and textural unevenness with positive visible results starting within 3 days and improving into 8 weeks with continued use.

FECC contains 28 complex approaches to fight visible aging of the eye contour. This abstract highlights the most novel of these approaches.

HA AND COLLAGEN TECHNOLOGIES
Fibroblast Drone
Perhaps a most advanced skin technology available, this suspension contains extraordinary capsules that secure a pro-HA peptide within a polymer core that is surrounded by a Heptapeptide to specifically bind to targets before release, exponentiating delivery and effectiveness to an accuracy level previously impossible. No technology today delivers the visible filling activity of this truly complex system to support Hyaluronic Acid.
Bio-Yeast HA Pre-Cursor (also found in NIOD MMHC)
Contains oligomers of acetylated glucuronic acid derived from biofermentation acting as HA precursors.
Methyl-Glucoside-6-Phosphate (MG6P)
Perhaps one of the most advanced peptide complex technologies of today, this active improves the looks of firmness, density and elasticity in 11 days or less.
Enzyme-Reacted Glucosamine Amide HA Pre-Cursor (also found in NIOD MMHC)
Highly advanced compound is derived by enzymatic phosphorylation of N-acetyl-glucosamine through a green chemistry process acting as a secondary precursor of HA.
Full-Spectrum Fractions of Nature-Identical Hyaluronic Acid
Not to be mistaken for any form of hyaluronic acid—low- or high- molecular weight—these two forms of actual fractions of hyaluronic acid—not salts of hyaluronic acid used in nearly every topical HA product for a different purpose—these two technologies offer both short- and long-term visible filling of the looks of wrinkles while improving the look of elasticity.
Darutoside Complex
A plant-technology bio-derivative offers improvement in the looks of both upper- and lower-eyelid elasticity while reducing the appearance of folds in the upper eyelids specifically—an area previously not targeted by topical technologies.
Other Technologies in This Category: Third-generation Matrixyl peptide and Persian Silk Tree bio-technology.
EXPRESSION TECHNOLOGIES
Neuron Drone
This second drone technology encapsulates the well-studied Palmitoyl Hexapeptide, highly-effective against the look of expression lines, within a polymer layer that is then surrounded by a Palmitoyl Heptapeptide to behave like a drone for specific binding to targets, reducing peptide wastage by 90% as a direct result of this specific targeting mechanism.
SNAP-25 Pentapeptide-18 Complex
The next-generation of the famed technology, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (commonly known as Argireline), extends this peptide with a novel Pentapeptide-18 to reduce the signs of expression lines developed by extensive small-twitch muscle contractions, offering a 100% further efficacy index over Argireline alone.
Novel Arginine-Sustained Acetyl-Hexapeptide-30
A more advanced form of this modern peptide which was the first-ever to fight signs of ageing as a result of facial expressions.
Other Technologies in This Category: Walgerin-1 tripeptide technology, snail venom mimetic technology.
UNEVEN PIGMENTATION TECHNOLOGIES
Marigold/Yeast Ferment Bio-Complex
This biotechnology has shown up to a 94% positive response in reducing both the look of dark circles and feelings of sensitivity.
Bio-Tech Superoxide Dismutase Hydrolyzed Peptide Complex
This complex offers indirect inclusion of SOD, the body's own most important oxyradical fighting mechanism, in a first-ever stable form.
Oleuropein Zinc Salt Bio Complex
It was until recently thought that inefficient circulatory mechanisms around the eyes are the only cause of dark circles—other than the shadows created by hollowness defined by bone and fat structures. However, it has now been shown that imbalanced melanin formation also contributes to dark circles. To address this issue, typical skin-lightening technologies cannot be used since the objective is to balance and even the pigmentation and not lighten the skin just under the eye areas on a continuing basis. This superb polyphenol complex rebalances the look of skin pigmentation to its natural state. This approach does not target melanocyte function or melanin, allowing ongoing use without possibility of unintended visible lightening.
Other Technologies in This Category: Propyl Gallate, Gallyl Glucoside, Epigallocatechin Gallatyl Glucoside—target looks of both dark circles and redness.
FLUID RETENTION TECHNOLOGIES
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Target Tetrapeptide
A complex peptide system, this technology reduces the look of under-eye eye bags within 15 days with continued use.
Silanetriol-Delivery Vitamin F Complex
Fast-acting plant-silicones delivery technology reduces the look of eye bags and, as a positive side effect, reduces the look of discolouration under the eyes.
Algae-Harvested Sulphated Polysaccharides
One of the most advanced form of marine technology today, this complex improves the look of resiliency and reduces the look of eye bags simultaneously through shared mechanisms of action.
Other Technologies in This Category: Niacinamide, Fraxinus Excelsior Bark Extract.
REGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
Hyaluronic Acid Oligomer
Truly a most unique approach that uses a form of hyaluronic acid—which is ordinarily used to lubricate the skin—instead conditioned to algin with visible renewal without the inflammation and irritation associated with low-pH acids and other forms of peeling. (Side note: one of the very unique side observations about this technology is that its stability is entirely from its extremely small size that disallows outside interaction with it.)

I have chosen this oil-free, non-comedogenic formula as your daily SPF step, to provide broad-spectrum protection against UV damage. Not suitable for aspirin allergy sufferers.

Arginine is an amino acid which occurs naturally within the human body. It is a popular ingredient in skincare for a number of reasons; it offers antioxidant protection, it hydrates the skin by stimulating the body's own production of humectants like urea and it can also repair visible skin damage.

arginine

Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine is a broad-spectrum UV filter, protecting across the whole UVA and UVB wavelength range (280-400nm). It is a chemical filter (as opposed to mineral/physical), which works by absorbing UVB light in the outer layers of the epidermis, then converting it into heat (to neutralise the energy which can lead to cell damage), and scattering it away from the body.

It is very photostable, so does not degrade in the presence of sunlight, unlike some other UV filters on the market. It has also been shown to improve the UV stability of other more sensitive filters, when used in combination.

bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine

Chemical UV filters (as opposed to mineral or physical UV filters) work by absorbing UVB light in the outer layers of the epidermis, then converting it into heat (to neutralise the energy which can lead to cell damage), and scattering it away from the body. 

Ferulic acid is a naturally occurring acid found in plants, such as bran. It’s used in skincare for its antioxidant properties, meaning it can neutralise free radicals before they can cause any cellular damage. It has also been shown to stabilise Vitamins C and E when used in combination, resulting in a boost in their efficacy vs being used without the addition of Ferulic acid.

ferulic acid

triazine diethyl butamidotriazone

Unique oil-free dry touch texture with advanced filters and Bioshield System that provides broad spectrum protection against UVA, UVB, Blue Light (High Energy Visible Light) and IR-A. Enriched with Fernblock® FC for powerful antioxidant activity, and actives which repair sun damage, such as DNA damage and premature skin aging. Enriched with anti-bacterial, anti-microbial and sebum controlling technology, it is recommended for sensitive and acne prone skin. Its oil-free dry touch formulation makes it particularly suitable for normal, combination and oily skin types, reducing shine caused by humid climate.

Paraben and alcohol free.

uneven texture

I have chosen this high-strength brightening treatment to boost your daily routine, and to target pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles.

glycyrrhiza inflata root extract

Liquorice is a legume which grows in the Mediterranean, the Middle East & Russia. It contains the active constituent glabridin, which has been shown to prevent and reverse UV-induced skin damage, to provide visible skin-lightening properties to the skin.

Its second active component, Glycyrrhetinic acid is used in skincare for its anti-inflammatory benefits. It works by inhibiting the production of inflammatory substances, such as cortisone, within the body, with some research showing results to be comparable to prescription hydrocortisone cream.

Eucerin Hyaluron- Filler Vitamin C Booster is suitable for all skin types and is clinically and dermatologically proven to strengthen skin and plump up wrinkles. Skin is smoother, fresher and more radiant in just seven days and results improve over time.

The sun, pollution, smoking and other aspects of our lifestyles trigger the formation of free radicals. Free radicals cause oxidative stress to skin, accelerate premature skin aging and leave skin looking dull. Eucerin Hyaluron-Filler Vitamin C Booster with 10% pure and freshly-activated Vitamin C has been specially formulated to fight free radicals and address the first signs of aging: it strengthens skin, plumps up wrinkles and gives you a smoother, fresher and more radiant look.

enlarged pores

I have chosen this weekly treatment mask to include as part of your weekly regime, to provide a resurfacing and brightening effect, and target dull skin and uneven skin tone.

Extracted from liquorice, dipotassium glycyrrhizate is the primary active component within the root. It has multiple benefits within skincare, primarily being used for its soothing and anti-pigment properties.

dipotassium glycyrrhizate

fomes ofﬁcinalis (mushroom) extract

Mushroom extract is used in skincare to naturally brighten the skin and reduce hyperpigmentation. Studies have shown that compounds from specific mushroom types can inhibit tyrosinase activity (an enzyme involved in melanin synthesis), which in turn visibly minimises areas of hyperpigmentation.

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), derived from sugar cane. AHAs work by dissolving the keratin binding the outermost layer of skin cells, speeding up the skin’s natural exfoliation process. This leads to smoother, brighter, clearer skin, whilst reducing skin discolouration & fine lines/wrinkles with continued use.

Glycolic acid has the smallest molecular weight of all the AHAs, meaning it can penetrate the skin quickest, producing the fastest results, but also most likely to cause skin sensitivity, so it is best for those with fairly tolerant skin types.

glycolic acid

Prickly pear is a cactus native to Mexico, and is used in skincare for its soothing and hydrating properties.

hydrolyzed opuntia ficus indica flower extract

sodium ascorbyl phosphate

Intensive-C Radiance Peel brightens skin, visibly improves texture and hydrates to restore radiance and even skin tone after one use. Hydrates to restore radiance. Visibly improves skin texture. Evens skin tone after one use.

This cleansing cream provides a gentle cleanse without stripping the skin. It contains aloe and coconut to soothe and hydrate, while probiotics support a balanced skin microbiome. Vitamins C and E provide antioxidant support for overall skin health.

Allantoin occurs naturally in the body, but can also be derived from the root of the Comfrey plant or Chamomile, or produced synthetically. It is used in skincare for its ability to promote wound healing and healthy tissue growth, by stimulating the fibroblasts in the dermis to produce collagen and elastin fibres, essential tissues for skin regeneration and healing. Allantoin has also been shown to have soothing and anti-irritant properties, which is thought to be down to its ability to form complexes with irritating agents, thus preventing them from activating inflammatory mechanisms within the skin.

allantoin

aloe vera

Aloe vera has been used for millennia as a natural medicine across many regions of the world, with references as early as Cleopatra using it as part of her beauty routine. It contains around 75 active constituents, including Vitamins A,C & E to provide antioxidant protection, 8 enzymes to inhibit inflammatory processes in the body and 9 different minerals to support the body’s natural functioning. It also includes sugars to provide hydrating humectant properties, fatty acids to provide anti-inflammatory & antiseptic properties, and hormones to promote wound healing.

Grape seed oil is an emollient derived from the seed of grapes. It is rich in linoleic acid, and is used in skincare to impart antioxidant, moisturising, and nourishing benefits. It also supports the skin's barrier function.

grape seed oil

sweet almond oil

Sweet Almond Oil is naturally rich in fat-soluble Vitamins A & E, which provide antioxidant benefits. This oil is naturally high in Omega 3 fatty acids, which cannot be produced naturally in the body, but offer anti-inflammatory benefits.

Calcium pantothenate is the salt of pantothenic acid, a form of Vitamin B5. Its main benefit in cosmetics is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to.

Pantothenic acid also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

vitamin b5

Vitamin B5 is a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to. It also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

Juice Beauty Prebiotix Coconut & Aloe Cleansing Cream 133ml

This 2-in-1 cleanser is formulate to improve skin texture and tone. It combines fruit juices and plant extracts to gently cleanse while antioxidants and vitamins to improve overall radiance. Vitamin C and E help to brighten and protect the skin.

algae extract

apple stem cells

Stem cells occur naturally within plants to help regenerate cells after stress or injury, and studies show this can encourage similar regenerating mechanisms in human skin. Apple stem cells have been shown to increase synthesis of collagen & elastin to achieve visible anti-ageing results in the skin.

Gluconolactone is a poly hydroxy acid (PHA). PHAs work by gently dissolving the keratin that binds our outermost layer of skin cells, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin, leading to smoother, clearer skin. This process also encourages new skin cell generation in the basal layer of the epidermis, a process which naturally slows with age, so with repeated use this can have an overall anti-ageing effect on the skin. Gluconolactone has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (an essential protein produced by the fibroblasts), leading to sagging of the skin.

PHAs are much larger in molecular weight vs AHAs so they cannot penetrate the skin as fast or as far, which therefore makes more gentle & suitable for more sensitive skin types, including those with rosacea-prone skin. Gluconolactone is also especially good for drier skin types as it also has natural humectant qualities, meaning it draws water towards it, hydrating the skin from within. 

gluconolactone

Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) work by gently dissolving the keratin that binds our outermost layer of skin cells, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin, leading to smoother, clearer skin. This process also encourages new skin cell generation in the basal layer of the epidermis, a process which naturally slows with age, so with repeated use this can have an overall anti-ageing effect on the skin. Gluconolactone has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (an essential protein produced by the fibroblasts), leading to sagging of the skin.

PHAs are much larger in molecular weight vs AHAs so they cannot penetrate the skin as fast or as far, which therefore makes more gentle & suitable for more sensitive skin types, including those with rosacea-prone skin. Gluconolactone is also especially good for drier skin types as it also has natural humectant qualities, meaning it draws water towards it, hydrating the skin from within. 

Juice Beauty STEM CELLULAR. 2-in-1 Cleanser 133ml

firmness

I have chosen this clinically-proven brightening serum as part of your morning routine, to target pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles.

Hydrolysed hyaluronic acid is essentially a low molecular weight Hyaluronic acid (a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body), that has been broken up to achieve better skin penetration.


hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid

Tocopherol, aka Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopherol

Discover a new pure and potent Vitamin C Serum formula, which combines 15% Pure Vitamin C and Natural Origin Hyaluronic Acid for skin that is brighter and feels firmer in just 10 days. This Vitamin C Serum formula with only 11 ingredients is paraben-free and fragrance-free. LiftActiv Vitamin C Serum is a dermatologist grade treatment yet at an accessible price making it the perfect addition to your anti-aging routine.


Benefits
LiftActiv Vitamin C Serum's pure and potent antioxidant formula helps address uneven skin tone and helps fight against signs of skin aging.

This Vitamin C Serum creates a brighter complexion, smooths the appearance of skin texture and reduces the look of fine lines in just 10 days.

blackheads

I have chosen this creamy combination exfoliator to resurface the skin. It contains a blend of AHAs, BHAs and Jojoba beads to gently buff the skin whilst at the same time clearing out the pores to make skin smoother and softer.

jojoba esters

Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), derived from bitter almonds. AHAs work by dissolving the keratin binding the outermost layer of skin cells, speeding up the skin’s natural exfoliation process. This leads to smoother, brighter, clearer skin, whilst reducing skin discolouration & fine lines/wrinkles with continued use.

Mandelic acid has a larger molecular weight vs. other acids in the AHA category. It is twice the molecular weight of glycolic acid for example (the smallest AHA on the market), so it tends to be better tolerated than smaller AHAs, which penetrate the skin much faster. Research also shows that mandelic acid is particularly effective at improving some forms of pigmentation, compared with other AHAs.

mandelic acid

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA), which occurs naturally in willow bark. Salicylic acid works as an exfoliating acid to dissolve the keratin that binds the outermost layers of the skin, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin.

Due to its oil-soluble form, salicylic acid can penetrate inside the pore, to clear out dead skin cell build up and prevent comedones (blocked pores) from occurring, or acne-causing bacteria to overpopulate within the pore. This P.Acnes bacteria is anaerobic so needs an oxygen-free environment to thrive, and thus require a pore to be blocked.

salicylic acid

Pores are left virtually undetectable and skin feels soft, smooth and supple. Best of all, the velvety formula enhances the skin’s receptiveness to the rest of your beauty routine by allowing follow-up products to penetrate deeper.

I have chosen this Vitamin C serum to support your skin goals without causing any flare ups. The formula is specifically designed for those with rosacea / acne, and offers high strength antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory benefits.

arbutin

polyporus umbellatus (mushroom) extract

retinol

Features iS Clinical's scientifically advanced Vitamin C time-release technology combined with a superior form of olive leaf extract and pure vitamins A & E this clinically proven formula delivers high antioxidant protection and exceptional healing properties. A must for Acne & Rosacea sufferers.

I have chosen this mid-strength vitamin c serum for your routine to add antioxidant protection, support the skin's own collagen production, and brighten and even the complexion.

Panthenol is a form of Vitamin B5, which is converted into Pantothenic acid within the epidermis when applied topically. Its main benefit in cosmetics is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to.

Panthenol also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

panthenol

Vitamin B5 is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to. It also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

This innovative serum visibly brightens skin tone, smooths fine lines, firms tired skin and refines skin texture. The result is a radiant, smooth and noticeably more youthful-looking complexion.

Ascorbic Acid

What is Ascorbic Acid?

What does Ascorbic Acid do?

Who is Ascorbic Acid good for?

Who should avoid Ascorbic Acid?

Ascorbic Acid

What is Ascorbic Acid?

What does Ascorbic Acid do?

Who is Ascorbic Acid good for?

Who should avoid Ascorbic Acid?

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Treatments (8)