Arginine is an amino acid that can be found in food sources such as almonds and chocolate. Arginine is an essential amino acid that the body cannot produce on its own. It is often referred to as the ‘master amino acid’ and has a number of benefits to skin health.

Amino acids are a class of ingredients. They can also be found on ingredients lists as acetyl glucosamine, acetyl tyrosinamide, alanine,  arginine hcl, arginine pca, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine and valine and yeast amino acids.

Renude

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I have chosen this eye cream for your routine as a bit of an all-rounder for targeting the eye area. It includes peptides to help with fine lines, antioxidant plant extracts from saskatoon berry and dragon fruit extract, glycerin and hyaluronic acid to hydrate and plump, and caffeine to de-puff.

Arginine is an amino acid which occurs naturally within the human body. It is a popular ingredient in skincare for a number of reasons; it offers antioxidant protection, it hydrates the skin by stimulating the body's own production of humectants like urea and it can also repair visible skin damage.

arginine

Caffeine, derived from the coffee plant, is used in skincare as an antioxidant and a vasoconstricting agent. Its antioxidant properties help to protect against free radicals, neutralising them before they can cause damage to the skin cells. Its vasoconstricting abilities make it good for draining water retention from around the eye area, to reduce puff, and for reducing skin redness by constricting the capillaries whose dilation visually increases skin redness by passing blood closer to the skin’s surface.

caffeine

Glycerin is a humectant present in all natural lipids. It works to attract water molecules towards it, plumping & hydrating the applied area, resulting in smooth, soft, hydrated skin. It is one of the most widely used humectants in skincare, due to it’s high performance and broad availability (making it very cost-effective). Recent research has shown that it’s ability to penetrate the layers of the skin is superior to that of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid, making it a brilliant choice for overall skin hydration, and suitable for all skin types.

glycerin

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3 and Nicotinamide, has many skincare benefits. Firstly, it regulates sebum production in the skin, which in turn reduces blemishes and visible pore size. It also reduces facial redness by improving microcirculation, which means moving the blood inside the capillaries away from the face to reduce visible redness. It also has the ability to strengthen the natural lipid barrier of the skin by encouraging ceramide production (the building blocks which seal our skin cells together), which in turn increases the hydration within the epidermis. Lastly, niacinamide works to help reduce hyperpigmentation by blocking melanin from being deposited on the skin cells.

niacinamide

palmitoyl tripeptide

Many peptides function as anti-ageing ingredients in skincare, due to their ability to fit specific receptors in the body to trigger anti-ageing responses. This includes mechanisms like collagen production, cell regeneration or even blocking muscle contractions to smooth expression lines. Peptides are made up of amino acids, and are unique in shape, with a huge variety available to target specific responses in the body.

palmotoyl tetrapeptide

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body), created to improve the ingredient stability. It works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

sodium hyaluronate

Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body. Hyaluronic acid works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

Squalane is a natural substance usually derived from olives. It is structurally very similar to our skin’s own sebum, so is a great ingredient to support our own natural skin processes. In drier skin, which is naturally lacking in natural sebum, it helps to support the skin barrier to prevent water loss, which results in more hydrated, smooth and plump skin. Due to its sebum-mimicking structure, it is non-comedogenic, meaning it won’t cause breakouts, so is also suitable for oily and acne-prone skin. It can be a great option to reduce any over-stimulation of the sebaceous glands, which can occur with excess cleansing (and make breakouts worse). It also works to support the skin barrier to combat any drying effects caused by ingredients commonly associated with acne treatment, so is a great ingredient for all skin types.

squalane

A nourishing yet fast absorbing night-time eye cream which strikes while cells are the most active: during the twilight hours.

dullness

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This day cream is a great option for you to restore moisture to the skin, provide anti-ageing benefits, and provide UV protection. It includes plant oils to nourish the skin and a copper peptide complex to encourage cellular turnover and promote younger-looking skin.

Allantoin occurs naturally in the body, but can also be derived from the root of the Comfrey plant or Chamomile, or produced synthetically. It is used in skincare for its ability to promote wound healing and healthy tissue growth, by stimulating the fibroblasts in the dermis to produce collagen and elastin fibres, essential tissues for skin regeneration and healing. Allantoin has also been shown to have soothing and anti-irritant properties, which is thought to be down to its ability to form complexes with irritating agents, thus preventing them from activating inflammatory mechanisms within the skin.

allantoin

Bisabolol is a naturally-occurring active found in the chamomile plant, although this can also be created synthetically. It’s key properties are as an anti-inflammatory and soothing agent, with some studies also showing it to have a brightening effect on the skin. Bisabolol is also a rich source of Panthenol (Vitamin B5), which acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water molecules towards it to plump and hydrate the area. Studies have also shown that bisabolol can enhance the penetration of other actives into the skin, so is great when used in combination with other actives designed to work at the basal layer of the epidermis, or in fact the dermis.

bisabolol

butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter

Shea butter is the natural butter of the shea nut, which grows in West Africa. It is high in fatty acids and vitamins, so works to support the natural lipid barrier of the skin, reducing water loss via the epidermis to keep skin soft, smooth and moisturised.

copper palmitoyl heptapeptide

Copper peptide is used in skincare as an anti-ageing ingredient. As with most peptides, it works by activating a receptor in the skin to perform a certain function, e.g. produce more collagen. Studies have shown copper peptide to have a positive impact on skin density, firmness and depth of fine lines and wrinkles.

copper peptide

Panthenol is a form of Vitamin B5, which is converted into Pantothenic acid within the epidermis when applied topically. Its main benefit in cosmetics is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to.

Panthenol also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

panthenol

Vitamin B5 is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to. It also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

persea gratissima (extra virgin,  cold pressed avocado) oil

Avocado oil is a rich source of fatty acids, which help to protect excess water loss through the skin’s surface, to keep it moisturised, soft and smooth. This oil also has antioxidant properties so helps to protect skin against free radical damage.

Sunflower oil is a rich natural source of Vitamin E, a skin-moisturising antioxidant. This oil is also rich in linoleic acid (Omega 6), an essential fatty acid which works to nourish the skin, support the natural barrier, and provide some anti-inflammatory benefits.

sunflower oil

Tocopheryl acetate is a specific form of the fat-soluble Vitamin E, with improved stability vs. Tocopherol. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopheryl acetate

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

vitis vinifera (organic, cold pressed concord grape) seed oil

Resveratrol in a polyphenol most famously found in the skin of red grapes, but also occurs naturally in peanuts and certain fruits such as blueberries and cranberries. It is included in skincare for its powerful antioxidant abilities - with research showing it can protect against free radicals, as well as oxidative damage caused by UV. 

Restore dry, ageing skin with Murad’s powerful Age-Balancing Moisture SPF 30. This supreme moisturiser is not only perfect for moisturising and nourishing the more mature skin; it also functions as a broad-spectrum UV sunscreen to protect you against harmful UV rays. The cream contains Resurrection Plant Proteins to replenish the skin’s moisture levels. A blend of Sunflower, Grape Seed and Avocado Oil provides long-lasting hydration, while Phytoestrogens work to smooth your complexion. In addition, a Copper Peptide Complex stimulates cell turnover and the production of collagen, resulting in a more supple skin. The moisturiser will strengthen the barrier of your skin, providing you with a shield against free radical attacks and external influences. At the same time, a broad-spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen protects you against sun damage with SPF30. Your skin will be left soft, plump and healthy!

dryness

I have chosen this lightweight body lotion for you to help relieve dry skin. The formula contains 15% Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs), which help to intensely hydrate the skin, while gently exfoliating.

Gluconolactone is a poly hydroxy acid (PHA). PHAs work by gently dissolving the keratin that binds our outermost layer of skin cells, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin, leading to smoother, clearer skin. This process also encourages new skin cell generation in the basal layer of the epidermis, a process which naturally slows with age, so with repeated use this can have an overall anti-ageing effect on the skin. Gluconolactone has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (an essential protein produced by the fibroblasts), leading to sagging of the skin.

PHAs are much larger in molecular weight vs AHAs so they cannot penetrate the skin as fast or as far, which therefore makes more gentle & suitable for more sensitive skin types, including those with rosacea-prone skin. Gluconolactone is also especially good for drier skin types as it also has natural humectant qualities, meaning it draws water towards it, hydrating the skin from within. 

gluconolactone

Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) work by gently dissolving the keratin that binds our outermost layer of skin cells, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin, leading to smoother, clearer skin. This process also encourages new skin cell generation in the basal layer of the epidermis, a process which naturally slows with age, so with repeated use this can have an overall anti-ageing effect on the skin. Gluconolactone has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (an essential protein produced by the fibroblasts), leading to sagging of the skin.

PHAs are much larger in molecular weight vs AHAs so they cannot penetrate the skin as fast or as far, which therefore makes more gentle & suitable for more sensitive skin types, including those with rosacea-prone skin. Gluconolactone is also especially good for drier skin types as it also has natural humectant qualities, meaning it draws water towards it, hydrating the skin from within. 

Lactobionic acid is a non-irritating poly hydroxy acid (PHA) derived from natural sugars. PHAs provide a gentle exfoliation of the skin, encouraging dead cells to be shed from the surface, and new cells to be produced in the basal layer of the epidermis. This process leads to smoother, less congested & more radiant skin, whilst reducing discolouration & fine lines to provide visible anti-ageing results.

Lactobionic acid is also an antioxidant, protecting skin from harmful effects of free radicals within the body, as well as inhibiting specific enzymes which lead to degradation of our skin proteins, so this mechanism keeps skin more youthful. Lactobionic acid also has humectant qualities, meaning it is able to draw water molecules to it, plumping & hydrating the area which it is applied. It was patented in 2000 by Neostrata, as one of their ‘Bionic acids’.

lactobionic acid

Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) work by gently dissolving the keratin that binds our outermost layer of skin cells, encouraging the natural exfoliation process of the skin, leading to smoother, clearer skin. This process also encourages new skin cell generation in the basal layer of the epidermis, a process which naturally slows with age, so with repeated use this can have an overall anti-ageing effect on the skin. Gluconolactone has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (an essential protein produced by the fibroblasts), leading to sagging of the skin.

PHAs are much larger in molecular weight vs AHAs so they cannot penetrate the skin as fast or as far, which therefore makes more gentle & suitable for more sensitive skin types, including those with rosacea-prone skin. Gluconolactone is also especially good for drier skin types as it also has natural humectant qualities, meaning it draws water towards it, hydrating the skin from within.

This is a lightweight plant oil which acts as an emollient in skincare. This means is supports the natural lipid-barrier, to help keep water from being lost through the skin. This make is an effective moisturising ingredient.

limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil

A lightweight lotion containing a high-strength 15% Polyhydroxy Acid (PHA) blend which acts as a humectant, attracting and binding moisture to the skin. Formulated to gently exfoliate, smoothing rough, dry skin while providing restorative antioxidants to help protect against environmental factors.

Natrisimo

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photoageing

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This serum targets fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone, promoting a firmer and more radiant complexion. Bidens Pilosa, a plant-derived retinol alternative, helps reduce the appearance of wrinkles, while niacinamide enhances brightness and firmness. Ceramides support the skin barrier, improving hydration and reducing irritation.

beta-carotene

Cotton seed oil

hyaluronic acid

Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), which occurs naturally in the body, as well as being found in dairy products, but is typically derived synthetically for cosmetics today.

AHAs work by dissolving the keratin binding the outermost layer of skin cells, speeding up the skin’s natural exfoliation process. This leads to smoother, brighter, clearer skin, whilst reducing skin discolouration & fine lines/wrinkles with continued use.  

lactic acid

vitamin e

What it is  
REN Bio Retinoid™ Youth Serum is a clinically proven healthy ageing serum that combines a plant-derived alternative to Retinol, Bidens Pilosa, with Ceramides and Niacinamide to firm, even tone and pigmentation, plump, smooth, and improve elasticity, while visibly reducing fine lines and wrinkles after just 7 days. Added Niacinamide, a multi-active stable form of Vitamin B3, helps protect against free radical damage and improve brightness and firmness; while Ceramides from Wheatgerm work to strengthen the skin barrier, increase skin hydration, soothe and reduce irritation.  

Benefits  
- Helps reduce fine lines and wrinkles  
- Improves skin roughness, elasticity and firmness  
- A gentle formula that won't irritate your skin  
- Packaged in a recyclable glass bottle, with a twist-lock pump made from 50% recycled plastic and without an outer cap  

Key Ingredients  
- Bidens Pilosa helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.  
- Ceramides help strengthen the skin barrier, improve hydration and reduce feelings of irritation.  
- Niacinamide helps improve radiance, firm, visibly reduce wrinkles and prevent and reduce pigmentation.  

Skin Types  
Suitable for all skin types, especially mature.  

How to use  
Morning and night, massage REN Bio Retinoid™ Youth Serum onto freshly cleansed face, neck and décolleté until fully absorbed.

ageing_pores

congested_pores

I have chosen this anti-ageing treatment moisturiser for you to target the signs of ageing you mention: wrinkles, firmness and pigmentation. It includes resurfacing AHAs and PHAs, to stimulate the skins natural exfoliating process, alongside peptides to encouraging collagen production, and plant antioxidants to protect the skin from free radicals.

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), derived from sugar cane. AHAs work by dissolving the keratin binding the outermost layer of skin cells, speeding up the skin’s natural exfoliation process. This leads to smoother, brighter, clearer skin, whilst reducing skin discolouration & fine lines/wrinkles with continued use.

Glycolic acid has the smallest molecular weight of all the AHAs, meaning it can penetrate the skin quickest, producing the fastest results, but also most likely to cause skin sensitivity, so it is best for those with fairly tolerant skin types.

glycolic acid

Maltobionic acid is a non-irritating poly hydroxy acid (PHA) derived from natural sugars. PHAs provide a gentle exfoliation of the skin, encouraging dead cells to be shed from the surface, and new cells to be produced in the basal layer of the epidermis. This process leads to smoother, less congested & more radiant skin, whilst reducing discolouration & fine lines to provide visible anti-ageing results.

Maltobionic acid is also an antioxidant, protecting skin from harmful effects of free radicals within the body, as well as inhibiting specific enzymes which lead to degradation of our skin proteins, so this mechanism keeps skin more youthful. Maltobionic acid also has humectant qualities, meaning it is able to draw water molecules to it, plumping & hydrating the area which it is applied. It was patented in 2000 by Neostrata, as one of their ‘Bionic acids’.

maltobionic acid

malus domestica fruit cell culture extract

Stem cells occur naturally within plants to help regenerate cells after stress or injury, and studies show this can encourage similar regenerating mechanisms in human skin. Apple stem cells have been shown to increase synthesis of collagen & elastin to achieve visible anti-ageing results in the skin.

palmitoyl tetrapeptide

tocopheryl (vitamin e) acetate

vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract

Multi-Action anti ageing treatment targets the skin’s hydrating matrix and oxidative stress for a firmer, more toned and vibrant appearance. Improves the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Provides slack skin with a toned, firmer look. Exfoliates to refine skin texture.

This overnight treatment is full of ingredients to hydrate the skin and support the skin barrier, so is a perfect add-on to your daily routine, to nourish your dry skin and leave it plump & hydrated.

Amino acids are the small building blocks that make up peptides, and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique structure, and as such plays a specific role within the body. There are around 20 different types considered to be most important for human health. In the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, they are present in the ‘natural moisturising factors’, our skin’s own moisturising mechanism, and they help to support water transport between skin cells to keep our surface smooth and hydrated.

alanine

ceramide ap

Ceramides are long chains of lipids, which occur naturally within the epidermis. Their function is to hold the skin cells together by creating a barrier against water-loss from the inside-out, and external aggressors from the outside-in. They make up almost 50% of our skins composition, but they can be depleted by UV, free radicals & pollution, and their production also naturally slows with age. This leads to an impaired skin barrier, which results in dry, rough skin with more visible wrinkling and redness. Applying ceramides topically can increase the levels of ceramides in the epidermis, and therefore supports the natural healthy functioning of the skin.

ceramide eop

ceramide np

Cholesterol is a fatty acid which occurs naturally in the skin’s lipid barrier. Applying cholesterol topically supports the skin barrier, reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and maintaining healthy skin functioning. Strengthening this lipid barrier also leads to improved skin hydration, which in turn leads to smoother, plumper, younger-looking skin.

cholesterol

Our outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, has a multilamellar structure (essentially a fine membrane), made up of lipids (fats), to form a non-permeable barrier. This keeps water inside the skin, and acts as the first defense against external aggressors. The lipids which make up the majority of this are known as ceramides, which are produced naturally in the body from a range of other naturally-occurring lipids, which we class here as essential lipids (not the same as essential fatty acids, which are deemed ‘essential’ as the body cannot produce these naturally.) Using these lipids in skincare helps to support the natural skin barrier, preventing water-loss to keep skin hydrated and balanced.

glycine

histidine

Acetyl Glucosamine is an amino acid sugar

isoleucine

Phytosphingosine (PS) is a lipid which naturally occurs in the stratum corneum (the top, visible layer of our epidermis). This acts as a precursor for ceramide synthesis, meaning it encourages the skin to produce ceramides naturally.

Studies have also shown PS to offer anti-acne benefits, it is believed by reinforcing the protective barrier, and therefore reducing specific abnormalities in the skin functioning that lead to acne (invading inflammatory bacteria, increased keratinization, increased sebaceous gland activity).

phytosphingosine

proline

serine

Sodium PCA is the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), which is found naturally in the body, and in the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF). PCA acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water to it, plumping and hydrating the area. The skin’s NMF ensures adequate hydration of the stratum corneum, which also works to support the overall barrier function of the skin, regulating trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Including Sodium PCA in skincare supports this natural mechanism of the skin.

sodium pca

Natural moisturising factor (NMF) is a substance produced by the body, made up of minerals, lactate, urea, amino acids & humectants, which coats the surface skin cells to keep them moisturised. NMF increases the skin’s ability to retain moisture, which results in more hydrated, plump, smoother skin.

threonine

valine

Forget complicated beauty jargon, The Inkey List are a no-funny-business brand who harness the power of science for effective skincare. Their Ceramide Night Treatment works to replicate the naturally occurring Ceramides in your skin, amplifying its ability to retain moisture overnight. Hydrated skin is happy skin, appearing smoother, plumper and softer. Including one of the most sought-after ingredients, hyaluronic acid, this mask offers pure hydration, locking moisture into your skin cells. What’s more, this formula fights signs of premature ageing, helping your complexion to stay youthful and supple.

This is a brilliant 2-in-1 formula for you which targets hyperpigmentation whilst providing high level UV protection with an SPF50, plus protection against blue light (from screens). The formula includes plant extracts alongside beta-carotene (natural Vitamin A) to help brighten the skin and reduce hyperpigmentation.

Tocopherol, aka Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopherol

Shield your skin from harmful UV rays with SVR Clairial Hyperpigmentation Protection SPF50+ UV Light.

The ultra-high sun protection cream reinforces protection against UVB, UVA and visible light (blue, violet), while helping to minimise the appearance of hyper-pigmentation. Targeting all types of pigmentation imperfections, including dark spots, old blemishes and liver spots, the dual-action formula delivers corrective and preventative properties, diminishing the look of brown spots while inhibiting the formation of new ones. Skin is protected with an invisible shield to keep skin safe from damaging UVA/UVB rays.

inflammatory_acne

sebaceous_filaments

I have chosen this oil-free moisturiser for you to support your skin's natural barrier, without adding any occlusive ingredients which could make congestion in the skin worse.

Adenosine is a well-researched anti-ageing and soothing ingredient. It is produced naturally in the body, but can also be derived from yeast. It works by stimulating the skin's own collagen production process, to reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It also has anti-inflammatory and barrier repair benefits, so is a fantastic multi-functional skincare ingredient.

adenosine

euterpe oleracea (acai) fruit extract

Acai is a small, dark purple berry found in nature. It displays potent antioxidant abilities, meaning it is able to protect skin against free radical damage.

glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract

Liquorice is a legume which grows in the Mediterranean, the Middle East & Russia. It contains the active constituent glabridin, which has been shown to prevent and reverse UV-induced skin damage, to provide visible skin-lightening properties to the skin.

Its second active component, Glycyrrhetinic acid is used in skincare for its anti-inflammatory benefits. It works by inhibiting the production of inflammatory substances, such as cortisone, within the body, with some research showing results to be comparable to prescription hydrocortisone cream.

Hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake is a protein derived from pumpkin seeds. It is a very good source of Vitamin E and key fatty acids, which protects the skin from excess water loss, as well as to support healthy skin functioning.

hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake

Lecithin can be classed as a phospholipid, which occurs naturally in eggs, soybean, sunflower oil and corn. It contains a high concentration of fatty acids, which support the skin’s natural barrier by creating a lipid film to prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Lecithin also has lipophilic & hydrophilic properties, meaning it can function as an emulsifier and skin penetration-enhancer, helping to deliver actives deeper into the skin.

lecithin

Wild cherry is a natural fruit extract, rich in plant antioxidants and vitamin c which help to protect the skin from free radical damage. It may also offer skin calming benefits.

prunus serotina (wild cherry) fruit extract

tripeptide

Copper peptide (GHK-Cu) is involved in a number of processes in the body: wound healing, collagen synthesis, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. There is evidence to show that the level of this protein in the blood reduces as we age, so including this in our skincare may help to support the body’s natural anti-ageing processes.

vaccinium angustifolium (blueberry) fruit extract

Blueberry extract is used in skincare for its powerful antioxidant and skin conditioning properties. It is also a rich source of Vitamin C, and studies have shown them to protect against UV damage in the skin on exposure to the sun (alongside a broad spectrum SPF of course).

The frustration of finding the best moisturizer for acne-prone skin is over. This non-greasy moisturizer provides water-light hydration, eliminates dry, flaky patches, and visibly corrects issues unique to acne-prone skin—without adding oil, clogging pores or making breakouts worse. Naturally soothing antioxidants, sourced from pumpkin and blueberry calm redness, while ceramides strengthen skin’s surface. Niacinamide, a pore minimizer, improves tone and eliminates dryness.

I have chosen this all-rounder eye cream for your routine to target dark circles and fine lines around the eye area

camellia oleifera (green tea) leaf extract

Green Tea is a natural plant extract, rich in polyphenols, also known as catechins. Green Tea is particularly high in the catechin Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a powerful antioxidant, meaning it can neutralise free radicals to prevent them causing damage within the skin. It is one of the most well researched natural plant extracts used in skincare, with studies also showing it to have an anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effect.

tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Vitamin C has many skin benefits, including its action as an antioxidant, to neutralise free radicals (reactive molecules with an unpaired electron), preventing them from causing damage to cells within the body. Vitamin C is also involved in the collagen-production process, so provides anti-wrinkle activity through this mechanism. Lastly, Vitamin C inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin-synthesis, and can therefore visibly reduce areas of hyperpigmentation in the skin.

This powerhouse formula combines a host of different active ingredients to target the delicate under eye area to reduce dark circles and provide youth-boosting benefits. 

A blend of peptides and amino acids work to promote collagen production around the eye to soften fine lines and wrinkles. Peptides work by fitting their unique shape into receptors in the body to stimulate natural processes, such as collagen and elastin production in the fibroblasts. This in turn gives the skin more bounce and structure, which provides a visible anti-ageing effect. 

Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) gluconolactone and lactobionic acid hydrate the skin whilst very gently exfoliating to brighten and rejuvenate. Neostrata are pioneers in the research behind PHAs, which have a larger molecular size compared with AHAs and BHAs, and are therefore much more gentle for the skin. PHAs have additional benefits including hydrating the skin, and reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation, so are a real multi-tasking hero. 

Vitamins B5, C and E are also included in the formula for their brightening, skin softening, hydrating and antioxidant properties. Hyaluronic acid adds further hydration and green tea extract bolsters the antioxidant protection of the formula. 

Including such a powerful combination of active ingredients means this eye cream can really deliver on results.

Unfragranced

I have chosen this product for you to target pigmentation. This blends a number of skin brightening actives, and has been clinically proven to reduce visible hyperpigmentation after 4 weeks.

acetyl glucosamine

Ascorbyl Glucoside is a water-soluble derivative of Vitamin C. This derivative was created to provide improved stability and skin penetration vs. ascorbic acid alone. It is still unclear how well ascorbyl glucoside is converted into ascorbic acid (the active form of Vitamin C) within the body, but some of it will be lost during this conversion, making this less potent, and therefore requiring higher levels in the formulation in order to achieve great results.

ascorbyl glucoside

malva sylvestris (mallow) extract

A botanical extract used in skincare for its antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.

Vitamin A, aka Retinol, is one of the most well-researched actives used in skincare today. Retinol and all of its derivatives are broken down within the skin first into retinaldehyde, then into retinoic acid, the active form recognised by the body to trigger it’s skin benefits.

Retinoic acid (aka tretinoin) is the gold standard of anti-ageing and works in a number of ways. Firstly, it blocks the production of collagen-degrading enzymes, meaning collagen does not get broken down as quickly in the skin. After prolonged use (6M+), it has also been shown to stimulate the production of type I and type III collagen, reducing wrinkles and improving skin firmness. It has been shown to protect against UV-induced damage, as well as reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation in the skin. Skin treated with retinoids is smoother, more even-toned, firmer and younger looking.

retinol

Skin complexion is smoother, more luminous, with enhanced radiance and more even tone. Multi-action formula targets causes of uneven pigment. Evens the appearance of skin discoloration. Leaves skin brighter and more luminous. Formulated with stabilized Vitamin C. Oil-free.

redness

This serum addresses redness and irritation while enhancing skin's resilience to environmental stressors. White Mushroom Extract helps soothe and reduce redness, while beta-carotene and biosaccharide provide protection against free radicals and pollution.

Brown algae is a nutrient dense underwater plant, rich in vitamins and minerals. It is used in skincare for it's antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to moisturise the skin and potentially offer regenerating effects.  

brown algae

prebiotics

Prebiotics in simple terms, can be classed as a food source that encourages the growth of good bacteria on the skin. The microbiome (the ecosystem of bacteria on the skin) is a relatively new discovery and we are learning that this is linked to many different aspects of our health, mood and appearance. A diverse breadth in the strains of bacteria living on the skin results in a healthy microbiome, and some early research has linked certain imbalances in this microbiome to skin conditions such as acne, ezcema and psoriasis.

What it is  
REN Anti-Redness Serum combats redness, calms irritation and boosts skin’s tolerance to environmental aggression. It actively trains skin to be less reactive and keeps it looking younger for longer by protecting it against the causes of premature ageing such as inflammation, redness, dehydration, UV rays, pollution and free radicals.  

Benefits  
- This protective serum reduces inflammation, redness and irritation.  
- Strengthens the capillary walls.  
- Protects cells, reduces UV-induced inflammation and supports good bacteria.  
- Reduces hyperpigmentation.  
- Keeps skin looking younger for longer.  

Key Ingredients  
- White Mushroom Extract (Albatrellus Ovinus) helps comfort, calm, reduce the appearance of redness and alleviate the signs of sensitivity.  
- Beta-carotene & Biosaccharide is a defence complex to help combat potentially sensitising free radicals from environmental pollution.  

Skin Types  
Suitable for all skin types, including sensitive.  

Apply REN Clean Skincare Evercalm Redness Relief Serum under moisturiser in the morning and under night cream in the evening.

I have chosen this simple cleanser for your routine to cleanse without stripping. The formula is gentle, with minimal ingredients so is a perfect choice to complement the rest of your routine.

Avene thermal spring water is sourced from a natural spring in France. It spends 50 years travelling to this spring through mountainous rock, and contains the minerals calcium, magnesium and silica, which are particularly good for sensitive skin due to their soothing properties.

Avene thermal water

This cleansing lotion for sensitive, reactive skin gently cleanses and removes makeup from the face, eyes and lips. It removes any impurities built up during the day without over-irritating the skin or drying it out. Fragrance-free, no-rinse makeup remover and cleanser, its light gel texture guarantees comfort and softness for even the most sensitive skin.

This serum targets hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone, using marine algae to address discolouration and stabilised vitamin C to brighten the complexion. It is suitable for sensitive skin, offering a gentle approach to achieving a more radiant appearance.

L-ascorbic acid is Vitamin C in its purest form, and the active form required by the body to result in the many skin skin benefits of Vitamin C. The issue with L-ascorbic acid is in the delivery, as it is very unstable in water, and needs a pH 4 or below for it to penetrate the skin. That being said, when it can be stabilised in a formula and is able to penetrate the skin, it provides the highest potency of any form of Vitamin C currently available.

ascorbic acid

Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate is a Vitamin C derivative with limited absorption and stability, compared to some of the other derivatives. It is used in skincare for its antioxidant benefits, as well as its ability to support collagen production, and brighten and hydrate the skin.

ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate

What it is  
Pai Skincare Fade Forward Dark Spot Serum is an innovative daily serum designed to help fade the appearance of hyperpigmentation and keep new dark spots from forming, all without the use of exfoliating acids, which can leave skin vulnerable to irritation.  

Benefits  
- Proven to reduce the appearance of dark spots and instantly brighten.*  
- Evens out skin tone.  
- Certified COSMOS Natural – a standard that guarantees the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. It's also certified cruelty-free and vegan.  
- Clinically proven for sensitive skin.  

Key Ingredients  
- Sustainably sourced Marine Algae to tackle the root of discolouration deep in the skin.  
- It’s paired with natural, stabilised Vitamin C to brighten and protect, leaving skin smooth, radiant, and visibly healthier.  

Skin Types  
All skin types, suitable for those with sensitive skin.  

*Four-week independent consumer trial on 114 women.

I have chosen this oil-free, non-comedogenic formula as your daily SPF step, to provide broad-spectrum protection against UV damage. Not suitable for aspirin allergy sufferers.

Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine is a broad-spectrum UV filter, protecting across the whole UVA and UVB wavelength range (280-400nm). It is a chemical filter (as opposed to mineral/physical), which works by absorbing UVB light in the outer layers of the epidermis, then converting it into heat (to neutralise the energy which can lead to cell damage), and scattering it away from the body.

It is very photostable, so does not degrade in the presence of sunlight, unlike some other UV filters on the market. It has also been shown to improve the UV stability of other more sensitive filters, when used in combination.

bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine

Chemical UV filters (as opposed to mineral or physical UV filters) work by absorbing UVB light in the outer layers of the epidermis, then converting it into heat (to neutralise the energy which can lead to cell damage), and scattering it away from the body. 

Ferulic acid is a naturally occurring acid found in plants, such as bran. It’s used in skincare for its antioxidant properties, meaning it can neutralise free radicals before they can cause any cellular damage. It has also been shown to stabilise Vitamins C and E when used in combination, resulting in a boost in their efficacy vs being used without the addition of Ferulic acid.

ferulic acid

Titanium dioxide is a naturally-occurring mineral found in abundance on earth. It is used as a UV filter in sun protection products, as it offers broad spectrum protection against both UVB and UVA wavelengths (although marginally less broad vs. zinc oxide)

It is a white powder, and works on the skin by creating a very fine film on the skin, which due to its colour, is able to reflect a broad spectrum of UV light, preventing it from entering the skin to cause any cell damage. It has great skin compatibility so is suitable for sensitive skin types.

titanium dioxide

Mineral UV filters are naturally-occurring mineral powders, used in sun protection products to deflect UV light. They work by forming a very fine layer over the skin, which is white and therefore able to reflect the full spectrum of UV light, to offer broad-spectrum sun protection. There are currently two mineral UV filters on the market: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

triazine diethyl butamidotriazone

Unique oil-free dry touch texture with advanced filters and Bioshield System that provides broad spectrum protection against UVA, UVB, Blue Light (High Energy Visible Light) and IR-A. Enriched with Fernblock® FC for powerful antioxidant activity, and actives which repair sun damage, such as DNA damage and premature skin aging. Enriched with anti-bacterial, anti-microbial and sebum controlling technology, it is recommended for sensitive and acne prone skin. Its oil-free dry touch formulation makes it particularly suitable for normal, combination and oily skin types, reducing shine caused by humid climate.

Paraben and alcohol free.

I have chosen this high-strength body lotion for you to combat keratosis pilaris. The formula contains a 10% blend of Glycolic and Citric acids, which exfoliate the skin and reduce the blocked follicles that lead to KP.

Citric acid (in dilution) is often used in tiny quantities to adjust the pH of a formula to be more acidic. In higher doses, it acts as an Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA), encouraging the skin’s natural exfoliation process to brighten, smooth and refine overall skin texture.

citric acid

Mango seed butter is an effective emollient in skincare. It has a rich, nourishing texture which helps to support the natural lipid barrier to prevent water loss and increase moisture in the skin.

mangifera indica (mango) seed butter

This 10% Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) lotion combines Glycolic and Citric Acids for powerful anti-aging action. Glycolic Acid is scientifically proven to target skin's natural filler, plumping and volumising the appearance of skin, so that wrinkles appear smoother. Specially formulated to provide a potent and precise delivery of Glycolic Acid while maintaining an optimal pH of this high-strength formulation.

This serum targets uneven tone and dullness, promoting clarity and brightness for a refreshed complexion. Niacinamide supports barrier function and brightens, while Argireline helps lift and firm the skin. Ideal for those seeking a luminous, balanced appearance.

Algae is an incredibly interesting natural ingredient source. It is essentially an underwater plant, designed to get its food from sunlight, much like any other plants, although from much more challenging conditions. There are many types of algae (kelp, laminaria, microalgae), but in general in all its forms it acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting from free radical damage, as well as being able to hydrate the skin and deliver naturally-occurring vitamins into the skin.

algae extract

Acetylarginyltryptophyl Diphenylglycine is a synthetic tetrapeptide used in skincare for its firming abilities. It works by inhibiting the enzyme elastase, which breaks down elastin in the skin (the protein responsible for skin firmness and elasticity). This reduction in elastase allows for higher levels of elastin in the skin, which in turn leads to skin that looks firmer, tighter and restructured.

anti-ageing peptides

Arbutin can be derived from the bearberry plant, or made synthetically, and is used in skincare to lighten dark spots. It works by breaking down in the body into hydroquinone, which can inhibit tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for producing melanin. It is one of the most well-researched actives for lightening pigmentation, with better skin tolerability vs. prescription hydroquinone.

arbutin

Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid that offers humectant, soothing, and general skin-conditioning properties to the skin.

Glutamic Acid

Lysine is used in skincare to treat hyperpigmentation & post-inflammatory acne scarring.

lysine

Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate (PAD) is a water-soluble derivative of azelaic acid which conveys many of the same benefits as pure azelaic acid. It is a gentle anti-inflammatory so is suitable for sensitive skin, and is able to improve rosacea and acne symptoms, as well as fading pigmentation left from acne.

Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate

Sodium lactate is a salt produced by the fermentation of lactic acid. It acts as a humectant in the skin, drawing water molecules from the atmosphere towards it to plump and hydrate. It is present in the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF), as both sodium and lactate. Studies have shown that lactate levels in the stratum corneum directly correlate with the hydration levels within the skin, with low levels resulting in dry, rough, flaky skin. Applying this ingredient topically helps the natural water-binding capacity of the epidermis, resulting in smoother, softer, more hydrated skin.

sodium lactate

What it is  
Revitalise your skin’s luminosity with OSKIA's advanced vitamin-enriched water serum, designed with ground-breaking actives to transform your complexion. This cooling, lightweight serum has been formulated to promote clarity and brightness, to lift and firm, ensuring a balanced, bright complexion. Prepare to unveil a refreshed, glass-like complexion.  

Benefits  
- Lightweight formula that doesn't create a film  
- Promotes clarity and brightness  
- Lifts and firms  
- Skin feels firmer, lifted and highly hydrated  

Key Ingredients  
- Argireline (5%) - a fantastic peptide that instantly lifts and firms.  
- Niacinamide (5%) - supports barrier function, plumps and brightens.  
- Snow Algae - a beautiful pink glacial algae that regenerates.  
- Gotu Kola & White Peony – calm underlying redness.  

Skin Types  
All skin types, tones and ages above 16. Ideal for congested, oily skin types or humid conditions due to its super light texture and lack of film formers.

Arginine

What is Arginine?

What does Arginine do?

Who is Arginine good for?

Who should avoid Arginine?

Arginine

What is Arginine?

What does Arginine do?

Who is Arginine good for?

Who should avoid Arginine?

Treatments (15)

Hydrators (10)

SPFs (5)

Extras (5)